Genetic Aberrations

Question 1

What causes genetic aberrations?

Answer 1

• mutations

Question 2

What is a mutation?

Answer 2

• any alteration in the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 3

What factors can lead to genetic changes?

Answer 3

1. one or more nucleotides being damaged or lost by chance
2. breakdown of DNA by mutagens

Question 4

How can nucleotides be damaged or lost and lead to mutations?

Answer 4

• crossing over of paternal and maternal chromosomes in meiosis
• replication of DNA
• transcription of DNA to RNA

Question 5

How can DNA be broken down by mutagens and lead to mutations?

Answer 5

• environmental factors such as sunlight, radiation, and smoking
• mutagenic chemicals
• viruses and micro-organisms

Question 6

What is a mutagen?

Answer 6

• a physical or chemical agent that induces and speeds up mutations in DNA