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Genetic Information and Variation > Genes, DNA, RNA and Chromosomes > Flashcards

Genes, DNA, RNA and Chromosomes Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA that codes for a polypeptide.

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2
Q

What are loci?

A

A specific position of a gene chromosome.

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3
Q

Name 3 types of RNA.

A

mRNA
tRNA
rRNA

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4
Q

What is rRNA?

A

RNA that forms part of ribosome structure.

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5
Q

What is tRNA?

A

A molecule that carries amino acids towards the polypeptide being produced so it can join the chain.

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6
Q

What is mRNA?

A

Contains codons which are read by the ribosome to produce the polypeptide.

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7
Q

What is a codon?

A

A section of 3 nucleotides.

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8
Q

What does ‘degenerate code’ mean?

A

Many amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet.

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9
Q

What are start and stop codons?

A

The codon at the start of every DNA sequence is the same. They begin and end polypeptide production.

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10
Q

What does ‘non overlapping’ code mean?

A

Each codon is only read once.

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11
Q

What are introns?

A

Non coding sections of DNA

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12
Q

What are exons?

A

Coding sections of DNA

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13
Q

Compare the length of prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA.

A

Eukaryotic DNA is longer than prokaryotic.

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14
Q

Compare the shape of prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA.

A

Eukaryotic DNA is linear, prokaryotic DNA is circular.

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15
Q

Compare the location of prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA.

A

Eukaryotic DNA stored in chromosomes in the nucleus, prokaryotic DNA stored in the cytoplasm

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16
Q

Compare the association of DNA in prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA.

A

Eukaryotic DNA associated with histones, prokaryotic DNA not associated with histones.

17
Q

What are homologous chromosomes?

A

2 versions of the same chromosome. One is from the mother and the other is from the father.

18
Q

What is the diploid number in human cells?

A

46

19
Q

What is the purpose of histones?

A

Allow DNA to coil very tightly

20
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different versions of the same gene.

21
Q

Why do we always inherit 2 alleles for each characteristic?

A

One comes from the mother, the other comes from the father.

22
Q

What is the purpose of RNA?

A

To aid with transfer of genetic material outside of the nucleus, as the DNA is itself is too large to leave.

23
Q

Briefly describe the structure of mRNA.

A

Ribose, phosphate and A U C G bases. Single helix.
Contains exons only.

24
Q

What shape to tRNA molecules have?

A

Clover leaf

25
Q

What do tRNA molecules carry?

A

Amino acids

26
Q

What are anticodons on tRNA molecules?

A

Complimentary to the mRNA codon.

Genetic Information and Variation (7 decks)

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