Genes And Proteins Flashcards
a large molecule that is consist of one or more polypeptide chain
Proteins
Substances that catalyzes or speed up the rate of a chemical protein
Enzymes
determines the type of amino acids
R-group
suggested the relationship between genes and enzymes
Archibald Garrod
recessive trait that causes arthritis
Alkaptonuria
An enzyme that lacks a person having alkaptonuria
Homogentisic acid oxidase
formulated the one gene- one enzyme hypothesis
Beadle and Tatum
refers to the transfer of genetic information from the nucleotide sequence of the DNA to the nucleotide sequence of the RNA
Transcription
Steps involved in the transcription
- Uncoupling
- Synthesis
The sequence of _ in a single DNA stand determines the sequence of _ in a newly synthesized RNA.
deoxyribonucleotide
ribonucleotide
Types of ribonucleic acid
- mRNA
- tRNA
- rRNA
carry the instructions for protein synthesis from the DNA to ribosomes
mRNA
incorporated in the ribosomes
rRNA
brings the activated amino acids to the mRNA
tRNA
DNA sequences that code for RNA
Coding regions
do not code for a gene product
Non-coding regions
Features of Transcription
a. Involve only certain regions of DNA
b. Transcription is the major point of control of gene expression
c. RNA synthesis occurs in a 5’ to 3’ direction.
d. Transcription consist of three events; initiation, elongation and termination
refers to the synthesis of a polypeptide chain using the genetic instructions from the mRNA
Translation
Stages of transcription
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
RNA polymerase binds to a sequence of DNS called
Promoter
acts as a template for RNA polymerase
template strand
signal that the RNA transcript is complete
Terminators
a collection of base triplets of DNA and RNA carrying the genetic information
Genetic Code
Features of genetic code
- Genetic Code is triplets
- Genetic Code is degenerate/redundant/repetitious
- Genetic code is non overlapping
- Genetic Code is universal
- There are three nonsense codons
