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biology 1345 > genes and proteins > Flashcards

genes and proteins Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

central dogma

A

the flow of genetic info
DNA –> Transcription –> RNA –> Translation –> Protein

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2
Q

mRNA

A

carry the genetic info needed to make proteins

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3
Q

tRNA

A

is the bridge between nucleotides and amino acids

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4
Q

transcription

A

the making of RNA

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5
Q

translation

A

converts mRNA to proteins

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6
Q

what is gene expression

A

genes (segments of DNA) that are transcribed to RNA and then translated into proteins

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7
Q

what are the four steps of gene transcription

A

binding, initiation, elongation, termination

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8
Q

what must mRNA do in order to be translated into a protein

A

it must leave the nucleus

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9
Q

RNA capping

A

it is the methyl group at the 5’ end (called a 5’ cap)

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10
Q

polyadenylation

A

repeating of the a nucleotide

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11
Q

what coding sequences do bacterial mRNA have

A

they have an uninterrupted coding sequence

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12
Q

what coding sequences do eukaryotic mRNA have

A

they have a coding sequence that IS interrupted by non coding sequences

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13
Q

what are coding sequences called

A

exons

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14
Q

what are non coding sequences called

A

introns

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15
Q

what determines the sequence of bases in mRNA

A

DNA’s sequence of bases determines it due to complementary base paring

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16
Q

codons

A

the specific sequence of bases determines the “words” of the genetic code (the 3 letter combo)

17
Q

what does tRNA do to mRNA codons

A

tRNA converts the codons into proteins

18
Q

what is the site on tRNA that binds the bases with mRNA codons

A

the anticodon binds with the codon with the other end containing an amino acid

19
Q

where does translation occur

A

on ribosomes with subunits

20
Q

how much mRNA does a small subunit hold

A

one mRNA

21
Q

how much tRNA does a large subunit hold

A

two tRNA

biology 1345 (4 decks)

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