Genes Flashcards
Oskar
Found POSTERIOR
-directs formtation of POLE PLASM that contains abdominal and germline determinants
Bicoid
ANTERIOR
-head and thorax development
–moved to anterior end by a dynien
-happens after the microtubule complex is set up by gurken and
Gurken
DORSAL
-produces signalling molecule that causes follicle cells to define DV (late stage gurken does this)
-also does stuff for AP (early stage gurken does this)
-required in germline cells
What is its AP function?
-gurken mrna is made by nurse cells and transported near the oocyte membrane where it is translated
-gurken protein form has receptor called torpedo on the follicular cells of the posterior end of the oocyte
-binds to it, torpedo sends a signal back to oocyte and recruits PAr 1 which goes and is posterior too and causes microtubules to put their plus end in posterior
DV FUNCTION:
-dorsalization
-causes dorsalization of follicular cells
-maternal effectmutant gene
LOSE IT?: mutation of it IN GERMLOINE CELLS causes VENTRALIZATION of eggs and embryo NO DORSAL STRUCTURES, if the mutation is applied to the follicular cells but no mutation in the germlinem normal development will occur but if there is mutation in the germline, it will nake the whole thing ventralized
Par 1
-partioning defect protein
-important in polarity
-serine/threonine kinase
-in dros: regulates microtubule cytoskeleton and makes it have the plus ends in posterior side
-gurken turns it on by binding to torpedo which releases a signal that gets par1 to move to posterior end of oocyte
WIthout it, cells undergo symmetrical division which leads to no differential cell fates
torpedo
-receptor of gurken
-maternal mutant gene (means that the genotype of the offspring does not matter, it is the genotype of the mom that matters… if offspring is good/good but mom is bad/bad then the mom has defect and that will be bad
-found at the posterior end of oocyte for ap polarity in follicular cells
-also found in dorsal end, involved with dorsalization of strucutres too
Find it:found in follicular cells at the posterior end of the oocyte and at the dorsal side, it is receptor for gurken
LOSE IT? : ventralization of the whole embryo, nodorsal area established, it is needed in follicular cells.. do this by switching the poles (using onefly having normal gem line cells but torpedo deficiency and torpedo deficient germ cells with a normal female) using pole cell transplantation and result is that the one with the normal germ line but torpedo deficieny will NOT work (everything will be ventral) but the one with the torpedo deficient GERMcells but wildtype female will work showing that the germ cells dont need torpedo but follicular do
Move it: if it is moved elsewhere, then thatend is the one that will become dorsal because it will now have the things thtit needs to amek the dorsal structures.
essentially if there is a mutation in the germline, but not follicular cells, development will be fine, but mutation in the follicular cells will cause defects (ventralization not dorsalization)
Pipe
-important for DV axis of drosophila, specifically VENTRALIZATION
on ventral side, pipe is there and it is secreted into the vitellin membrane which results in protease activity, presence of pipe leads to the sulfation of the membrane which allows for VENTRALIZATION
-sulfation auses gastrulation defects to be active (it is bound to sulfated things on membrane)
-this activates snake, which does it to easter then to spatzle, spatzle acts on toll, causes cactus to be degraded by tube and pelle, leading to increased DORSAL (protein that leads to ventralization too), these weird names are the proteases
Gurken binds to torpedo in the dorsal anterior area of oocyte, torpedo activates mirror which inhibits pipe on dorsal side (inhibiting pipe)
Spatzle
-activated by the presence of pipe since pipe proteins move to the vitelline envelope (previtelline space) and bring proteases there too, AND pipe causess sulfation of the membrane
these proteases are inactive until sulfation happens, which then gastrulation defect becomes active which cleaves snake (now active), then snake cleaves easter, easter cleaves spatzle
-spatzle binds to toll which leads to the activation of tube and pelle which causes cactus to be degraded (dorsal repressor and now dorsal ican go to nucelus and VENTRALIZATION OF THE CELL CAN OCCUR
Lose it: cell will be fully dorsal since it cannot aquire the ventral components from this pathway
Move it: will cause ventralization oin that place since toll will become activated and the rest will occur
Frizzled
- Wnt binds to frizzled receptor
- Deactivates active disheveled
- disheveled prevents the degradation of beta catenin
Cactus
Dorsal
