Genes Flashcards

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1
Q

Phenotype

A

The physical trait that an organism displays (such as hair colour)

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2
Q

Genotype

A

The genetic makeup, that allows an individual to have a certain trait (a certain gene for blue eyes)

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3
Q

Allele

A

A variation of a gene

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4
Q

2 main categories of genes

A

Dominant and Recessive

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5
Q

Dominant gene

A

The gene that is expressed by an organisms offspring

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6
Q

Recessive gene

A

The gene that is not displayed by an organisms offspring

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7
Q

The 4 bases of DNA

A
  • Adenine
    • Thymine
    • Cytosine
      • Guanine
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8
Q

How many chromosomes are usually in a human being?

A

46

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9
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are usually in a human being?

A

23

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10
Q

How many chromosome pairs are sex chromosomes?

A

1

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11
Q

Punnet Square

A

A diagram that shows the probability of each genotype and phenotype in an offspring.

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12
Q

Autosomes

A

Body chromosomes that make you human ( non sex, First 22 pairs )

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13
Q

Sex Chromosomes

A

XX or XY ( 23rd pair ), determines the sex of the offspring

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14
Q

Genome

A

The complete set of genetic instructions for an organism

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15
Q

How many alleles do you need per trait?

A

2

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16
Q

Homozygous

A

Having 2 of the same alleles

17
Q

Heterozygous

A

Having 2 different alleles