General Zootechnics A Flashcards
According to digestive track anatomy and physiology, how are animal grouped? (3)
Simple non-ruminants
Ruminants
Non-ruminant herbivores
Of the 3 groups of animal according to digestive track anatomy and physiology, which one does not depend much on microbial digestion in any part of the gut, but instead relies on chemical digestion of food thru secretion of digestive enzymes in the gut
Simple non-ruminants
What animals are considered simple non-ruminants/monogastric animals? (6)
Swine
Poultry
Dogs
Cats
Rats
Primates
What are the major segments of the simple non-ruminants?
Oral cavity
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
What happens in the oral cavity for digestion? (2)
Physical digestion to smaller pieces
Hydrolyzation of starch to maltose by salivary amylases
What happens in the stomach of adult simple non-ruminants for digestion? (4)
(1)Storage of ingested food
Hydrochloric acid secretion: (2)kills bacteria, (3)hydrolyzation proteins due to acidic environment, (4)pepsin activation
What happens in the stomach of nursing simple non-ruminants for digestion? (3)
(1)Renin secretion: (2)Coagulates casein in milk,(3)Promotes proteolytic milk digestion
What happens in the small intestine of adult simple non-ruminants for digestion? (2)
(1)Digestion,
(2)Absorption in duodenum, jejunum and ileum
What are the digestive products that the pacreas help degrade in the stomach? (3)
Proteins
Cholesterols
Lipids
What are the 14 primary enzymes of the digestive tract?
Amylase
Aminopeptidase
Carboxypeptidase
Chymotrypsin
Dipeptidase
Lactase
Lipase
Maltase
Nucleotidase
Nucleosidase
Pepsin
Rennin
Sucrase
Trypsin
What enzymes secreted by the pancreas degrades proteins? (2)
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Of the two enzymes secreted by the pancreas that degrade proteins, which one turns protein into peptides?
Trypsin
Of the two enzymes secreted by the pancreas that degrade proteins, which one turns protein into amino acids?
Chymotrypsin
Of the two enzymes secreted by the pancreas that degrade proteins, which one turns protein into amino acids?
Chymotrypsin
What enzyme secreted by the pancreas degrade cholesterol/carbohydrates?
Amylase
What enzyme secreted by the pancreas degrades lipids/fats?
Lipase
What are the most common food sources in digestion? (4)
Carbohydrates
Fats
Oils
Proteins
What are the enzymes that breaks down carbohydrates? (4)
Amylase
Maltase
Lactase
Sucrase
What is the enzyme that breaks down fats and oils?
Lipase
What are the enzymes that breaks down proteins? (8)
Rennin
Pepsin
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Carboxypeptidase
Aminopeptidase
Dipeptidase
Nucleotidase
Of the 13 primary digestive enzymes, this enzyme originates from the saliva and pancreas
Amylase
Of the 13 primary digestive enzymes, these enzyme originates from the small intestine only (6)?
Maltase
Lactase
Sucrase
Aminopeptidase
Dipeptidase
Nucleotidase
Of the 13 primary digestive enzymes, this enzyme originates from the gastric mucosa only?
Lipase
Pepsin
Rennin (young)
Of the enzymes that breaks down carbohydrates, what are the end product of starch, glycogen or dextrin?
Maltose
Glucose
Of the enzymes that breaks down carbohydrates, what are the end product of maltose?
Glucose and glucose
Of the enzymes that breaks down carbohydrates, what are the end product of lactose?
Glucose
Galactose
When proteins and amino acids undergo bacterial fermentation in the large intestine, what is produced?
Ammonia
Of the enzymes that breaks down carbohydrates, what are the end product of sucrose?
Glucose
Fructose
What happens to the ammonia released from microbial fermentation of proteins and amino acids?
-Absorbed via portal blood
-Converteed to urea in the liver
What sections of the large intestine comprises the hindgut?
Cecum
Colon
Rectum
What vitamin is synthesized in the hindgut due to bacterial growth?
B-complex vitamins
What are the animals that are strict carnivores? (2)
Minks
Cats
Why are cats and minks strict carnivores?
-Shorter intestinal tract
-Rapid transit of ingesta
-High digestibility of their meat-based diet
What animal tends to have long small intestines and an enlarged hindgut with a much more significant microbial population and some fiber digestion?
Omnivores (swine)
In terms of digestive track anatomy and physiology. the avian digestive system is special. What are the major segments of the avian digestive tract?
Beak
Crop
Proventriculus
Gizzard
Section of the avian foregut that acts as temporary site for moistening of food.
Crop
Also known as glandular stomach of avians
Proventriculus
Also known as the muscular stomach of avians
Gizzard
The two birds that produces crop milk to feed young up to 2 week old
Doves
Pigeons
What is the main difference of ruminant stomach compared to non-ruminant stomachs?
-Large, compartmentalized stomach
-Stomach inhabited by microbes
