General Words and grammar Flashcards
I
Io
You (fam sing)
Tu
He
Lui
She
lei
You (formal sing)
Lei
We
Noi
You (fam pl)
Voi
They
Loro
You (formal pl)
Loro
I am
Io sono
You are - familiar, singular
Tu sei
He is
Lui è
She is
Lei è
You are - formal singular
Lei è
We are
Noi siamo
You are - familiar plural
Voi siete
They are
Ioro sono
You are - formal plural
Loro sono
How do you make a verb negative?
Adding a non before the verb E.g. Fillipo non è in classe Fillipo is not in class
How can questions be structured?
Verb at the beginning or end E.g. È studentessa gabriella? Gabriella è studentessa? = is gabriella a student?
Io
I
Tu
You (fam sing)
Lui
He
lei
She
Lei
You (formal sing)
Noi
We
Voi
You (fam pl)
Loro
They
Loro
You (formal pl)
Io sono
I am
Tu sei
You are - familiar, singular
Lui è
He is
Lei è
She is
Lei è
You are - formal singular
Noi siamo
We are
Voi siete
You are - familiar plural
Ioro sono
They are
Loro sono
You are - formal plural
Sono a casa Loro stasera?
Are you at home tonight? (formal)
Maria e a casa, lei non sta bene
Maria is at home, she does not feel well
Io sono di pisa, e tu?
i am from Pisa, and you?
Siete a scuola voi oggi?
are you in school today?
Luigi e italiano
Luigi is italian
Marco e io siamo studenti
Marco and I are students
Tu e Piero siete buoni amici
you and Piero are good friends (familiar)
non siamo a teatro
we are not at the theatre
Filippo non e in classe
Filippo is not in class
C’e
There is
Ci Sono
There are
Non c’e
there is not
Non ci sono
There are not
Ecco
Point out something in sight
Look
Here is
There is
There are
Ecco l’autobus
There is the bus
Are nouns ending in O masculine or feminine?
masculine
Are nouns ending in A masculine or feminine?
Feminine
Are nouns ending in E masculine or feminine?
Can be both!
Are nouns ending in ORE masculine or feminine?
masculine
Are nouns ending in a CONSONANT masculine or feminine?
masculine
Are nouns ending in IONE masculine or feminine?
feminine
Plural: O changes to…
I
Plural: A changes to…
e
Plural: E changes to…
I
Plural: what kind of nouns are invariable (i.e. the plural doesnt change)?
Nouns ending in: accented vowels, consonant
Nouns that are abbreviated (e.g. cinema, foto)
Plural: CA changes to…
CHE
Plural: GA changes to…
GHE
Plural: IO changes to…
I
Indefinite articles
masculine or feminine forms depending on word
If a word begins with a consonant, what INDEFINITE article do you use?
masculine: UN
feminine: UNA
If a word begins with a vowel, what INDEFINITE article do you use?
Masculine: un
Feminine: un’
If a word begins with a Z, what INDEFINITE article do you use?
masculine: uno
feminine: una
If a word begins with a S+CONSONANT, what INDEFINITE article do you use?
masculine: uno
feminine: una
When is an INDEFINITE article omitted?
when a noun indicates a profession (e.g. dottore, proffessore)
What is a DEFINITIVE article?
agrees with the noun in gender and number (sing vs. pl)
If a word begins with a consonant, what DEFINITE article do you use?
MASCULINE: sing: il, pl: i
FEMININE: sing: la, pl: le
If a word begins with a vowel, what DEFINITE article do you use?
MASCULINE: sing: l’ , pl: gli
FEMININE: sing: l’ , pl: le
If a word begins with a Z, what DEFINITE article do you use?
MASCULINE: sing: lo, pl: gli
If a word begins with a S+CONSONANT, what DEFINITE article do you use?
MASCULINE: sing: lo, pl: gli
What article do you use when addressing someone?
No article,
yet drop the final E when following with their name
e.g. dottore Lisi = dottor Lisi, proffessore Lisi = proffessor Lisi
What article do you use when talking ABOUT someone?
Use the appropriate article dep on masc or fem.
Chi
Who/Whom
Che cosa
What
What
Che cosa
Cosa
Che
Cosa
What
Che
What
Come
How / Like what
Dove
Where
Quando
When
What happens when Cosa, Come and Dove are placed before e?
e.g. cose e un pronoun?
Becomes: Cos’e, com’e, dov’e
e.g. cos’e un pronoun? what is a pronoun?
Chi e Marcello?
Who is marcello?
Quando sei a casa?
When are you home?
Are you at home tonight? (formal)
Sono a casa Loro stasera?
Maria is at home, she does not feel well
Maria e a casa, lei non sta bene
i am from Pisa, and you?
Io sono di pisa, e tu?
are you in school today?
Siete a scuola voi oggi?
Luigi is italian
Luigi e italiano
Marco and I are students
Marco e io siamo studenti
you and Piero are good friends (familiar)
Tu e Piero siete buoni amici
we are not at the theatre
non siamo a teatro
Filippo is not in class
Filippo non e in classe
There is
C’e
There are
Ci Sono
there is not
Non c’e
There are not
Non ci sono
Point out something in sight
Look
Here is
There is
There are
Ecco
There is the bus
Ecco l’autobus
Who/Whom
Chi
How / Like what
Come
Where
Dove
When
Quando
Do prepositions proceed the word it modifies?
to town, in summer, from here, outside of the home, over the table, behind the barrier, underneath the car
yes!
E.g. What are you thinking of/about? = A che cosa pensi?
a
in, at, to
anche
also, too, as well
con
with
di, d’
of, from
e, ed
and (often before a vowel)
per
for
perché
why?; because
stasera
tonight
Da
by/from
su
on
con
with
