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IELTS Words > General Word > Flashcards

General Word Flashcards

1
Q

integral

A

necessary and important as a part of a whole

He’s an integral part of the team and we can’t do without him.

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2
Q

bound

A

Certain or extremely likely to happen
You’re bound to forget people’s names occasionally.

having a moral or legal duty to do something
The company is bound by a special agreement to involve the union in important decisions.

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3
Q

recreation

A

a way of enjoying yourself when you are not working
amusement, relaxation, diversion, play, fun, entertainment

His favourite recreations are golf and playing Scrabble

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4
Q

impose

A

to offically force a rule, tax, punishment etc. to be obeyed or received
force upon, inflict, faist, force
Very high taxes recently been imposed on cigarettes
I don’t want them to impose their religious belief on my children

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5
Q

rigorous

A

careful to look at or consider every part of something to make certain it is correct or safe
preceise, meticutous, accurate
I want rigorous financial analysis of the options

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6
Q

sceptic

A

a person who doubts the truth or value of an idea or belief
doubter, unbeliever, questioner
People say it can cure colds, but I’m a bit of sceptic

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7
Q

faint

A

not strong or clear; slight
dim, low, muted, soft
She gave me a faint smile of recognition

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8
Q

flaw

A

a fault, mistake, or weakness, especially one that happens while something is being planned or made, or that causes something not to be perfect
defect, imperfection
I returned the material because it had a flaw in it.

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9
Q

enroll

A

to put yourself or someone else on an official list for an activity or for membership in a group, or to accept someone in such a list:

recruit , obtain, employ , enlist, hire , take on, engage , enrol, conscript, call , call up, draft , press , pressgang, summon

He enrolled at Penn State University.

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10
Q

yield

A

to supply or produce something positive such as a profit, an amount of food or information:

bring in, return , sell for, furnish , generate , bear , bring forth, blossom , bear fruit, accrue , allow , admit , produce , grow

Favourable weather yielded a good crop.

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11
Q

pursue

A

to follow someone or something, usually to try to catch him, her, or it:

seek , hound , track , dog , shadow , search out, give chase, stalk , run after, trail , hunt out, scout out, gun for, chase , follow

He was killed by the driver of a stolen car who was being hotly pursued by the police.

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12
Q

tangible

A

real and not imaginary; able to be shown, touched, or experienced

palpable, material , real , substantial , touchable, verifiable, physical , solid , concrete , visible, stable , graspable, tactile, actual , definite , clear-cut

Other tangible benefits include an increase in salary and shorter working hours.

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13
Q

emphatic

A

done or said in a strong way and without any doubt:

forceful, insistent, assured , strong , determined , decided, decisive, forcible, earnest , positive , energetic, cogent, potent, powerful , dynamic , stressed

Poland reached the final of the championship yesterday with an emphatic 5–0 victory over Italy.

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14
Q

allegation

A

a statement, made without giving proof, that someone has done something wrong or illegal:

assertion, affirmation, charge , imputation, accusation, contention , declaration, insinuation, claim

Several of her patients have made allegations of professional misconduct about/against her.

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15
Q

concede

A

to admit, often unwillingly, that something is true:

yield , grant , acknowledge , admit , allow , give in, give way, give , surrender

“Well okay, perhaps I was a little hard on her,” he conceded.

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16
Q

cognitive

A

connected with thinking or conscious mental processes:

Some of her cognitive functions have been impaired.

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17
Q

conduct

A

to organize and perform a particular activity:

guidance , regulation , government , care , charge , direction , treatment , carrying on, transaction , superintendence, oversight , posture, control , handling , wielding, rule

We are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service.

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18
Q

praise

A

to express admiration or approval of the achievements or characteristics of a person or thing:

applause, applauding, adulation, blandishment, esteem , laud, commendation, approval , approbation, appreciation , cheering, advocacy , acclamation

He was highly praised for his research on heart disease.

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19
Q

intervene

A

to intentionally become involved in a difficult situation in order to improve it or prevent it from getting worse:

get involved, come between

The Central Bank intervened in the currency markets today to try to stabilize the exchange rate.

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20
Q

devote

A 
to apply (something) to a particular purpose;
set apart or dedicate to:

The policy to which we devoted years of labour must be regarded as a thing of the past.

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21
Q

ash

A

the soft grey or black powder that is left after a substance, especially tobacco, coal, or wood, has burned

Her ashes were scattered at sea.

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22
Q

blemish

A

a mark on something that spoils its appearance / mistake or fault

spot, flaw, defect, bruise

A pimple on a person’s face is an example of a blemish.

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23
Q

ribbon

A

a long, narrow strip of material used to tie things together or as a decoration:

Sandra often wears a ribbon in her hair.
He tied up the present with ribbon.

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24
Q

rub

A

to press or be pressed against something with a circular or up-and-down repeated movement:

massage, stroke, caress

She yawned and rubbed her eyes sleepily.

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25
Q

furnace

A

a container that is heated to a very high temperature, so that substances that are put inside it, such as metal, will melt or burn:

boiler , kiln

People who work with furnaces in a steel factory need to wear protective clothing.
This room’s like a furnace (= is very hot)!

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26
Q

relieve

A

o make an unpleasant feeling, such as pain or worry, less strong:

ease, reduce, lessen, decrease

She was given a shot of morphine to relieve the pain.

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27
Q

grain

A

a seed or seeds from a plant, especially a plant like a grass such as rice or wheat

cereal, stress

European countries are quite aggressive subsidizers of grain exports

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28
Q

ripple

A

a small wave on the surface of water:

wave , curl , agitate

The stone she threw caused ripples to spread across the lake.

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29
Q

advent

A

the fact of an event happening, an invention being made, or a person arriving

approach , coming , appearance , arrival , imminence

Life was transformed by the advent of the steam engine.

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30
Q

regulate

A

to control something, especially by making it work in a particular way

You can regulate the temperature in the house by adjusting the thermostat.

rule , direct , govern, monitor , command , manage , control , supervise

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31
Q

disseminate

A

to spread or give out something, especially news, information, ideas, etc., to a lot of people

propagate, broadcast , advertise , distribute, spread , publicise (UK), publicize, make public, publish , put about (slang)

One of the organization’s aims is to disseminate information about the disease.

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32
Q

conspicuous

A

very noticeable or attracting attention, often in a way that is not wanted

outstanding , striking , eminent, distinguished, celebrated, noted , notable, well-known , signal , marked remarkable , renowned , famed, far-famed, noticeable , famous

In China, her blonde hair was conspicuous.
He tried not to look conspicuous and moved slowly along the back of the room.

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33
Q

span

A

the period of time that sometimes exists or happens

the length of something from one end to the other

He has a short attention/concentration span.

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34
Q

drip

A

If a liquid drips, it falls in drops, or you make it fall in drops

dribble, trickle , plop, drop , sprinkle , drizzle , rain , spatter, weep , leak , plip-plop, pitter-patter

Water dripped down the wall.

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35
Q

denote

A

to represent something

indicate, signify, express , mean , connote, say , suggest , imply , mean to say, evidence , show , prove , be proof of, spell , symbolise (UK), symbolize, be a symbol of, characterise (UK), characterize, tag , label , illustrate, refer to, point to, name , represent , typify, stand for

The colour red is used to denote passion or danger.

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36
Q

commence

A

to begin something:

start , originate, initiate , begin , start to, embark, embark on, embark upon, set about, set to, set out, get to, kick off, tee off, start out, take off, launch , take the plunge, fall to, start off, go , go to (slang), make a start, make a start on

We will commence building work in August of next year.
Shall we let the meeting commence?

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37
Q

Accustom

A

To make someone familiar with new conditions

It takes a while to accustom yourself to working at night

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38
Q

Famine

A

An extreme lack of food in a region, causing suffering and death

shortage of food

Another crop failure could result in widespread famine

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39
Q

precedent

A

an action, situation, or decision that has already happened and can be used as a reason why a similar action or decision should be performed or made

authoritative example, exemplar, pattern , criterion , example , model

There are several precedents for promoting people who don’t have formal qualifications.

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40
Q

narrative

A

A story or a description of a series of events

story, tale / fictional, reported

It’s a moving narrative of wartime adventure

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41
Q

stem

A

to stop something unwanted from spreading or increasing

originate, arise , suppress , stop , curb , emanate from, grow out of, sprout from

These measures are designed to stem the rise of violent crime.
We must take action to stem the tide of resignations.

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42
Q

bonding

A

The process by which a close emotional relationship is develop

attachment, tie, obligation

Much of bonding between mother and child takes place in those early weeks

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43
Q

intimate

A

having, or being likely to cause, a very close friendship or personal or sexual relationship

close, private, secret, near, trusted

He has become very intimate with an actress

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44
Q

distortion

A

a change to the intended or true meaning of something

lie, parody, untruth

The producers insisted the show was a truthful portrayal and there was no distortion

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45
Q

assure

A

to comfort someone and stop them from worrying

vouch for, ensure , confirm , secure , guarantee , ascertain, assert, affirm, attest , testify, bear witness, undersign, underwrite, vouch, grant

The unions assured the new owners of the workers’ loyalty to the company.

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46
Q

revision

A

study of work you have done, in order to prepare for an exam:

She did no revision, but she still got a very high mark.

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47
Q

procrastination

A

the act of delaying something that must be done, often because it is unpleasant or boring:

This is no time for procrastination - we need decisive action.

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48
Q

humble

A

to make someone understand that they are not as important or special as they thought:

insult, humiliate

He was humbled by the child’s generosity.
The world champion was humbled (= unexpectedly defeated) by an unknown outsider in last night’s race.

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49
Q

embrace

A

to accept something enthusiastically:

espouse, welcome , take advantage of, adopt, take on, take in, take up, assimilate, admit , endorse , follow , accept , ratify, support , approve , sanction

This was an opportunity that he would embrace.

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50
Q

cultivate

A

to prepare land and grow crops on it, or to grow a particular crop:

till , plow, work the soil, grow , farm , plant , plough (UK), raise , rear , fertilise (UK), fertilize, sow , reap , harvest , tend

Most of the land there is too poor to cultivate.

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51
Q

vain

A

unsuccessful; of no value:

The doctors gave him more powerful drugs in the vain hope that he might recover.
formal It was vain to pretend to himself that he was not disappointed.

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52
Q

take pride

A

to feel very pleased about something or someone you are closely connected with:

If you don’t take professional pride in your work, you’re probably in the wrong job.

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53
Q

prevalent

A

existing very commonly or happening often:

widespread , accepted , common , popular

These diseases are more prevalent among young children.
Trees are dying in areas where acid rain is most prevalent.

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54
Q

congest

A

to make something blocked or crowded in a way that causes difficulties, or to become blocked or crowded:

clog, choke

There is no need for us to congest the city with traffic.

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55
Q

devise

A

to invent a plan, system, object, etc., usually using your intelligence or imagination:

concoct, contrive, dream up, fabricate, formulate

He’s good at devising language games that you can play with students in class.
The cartoon characters Snoopy and Charlie Brown were devised by Charles M. Schultz.

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56
Q

stimulate

A

to encourage something to grow, develop, or become active:

arouse, spur, animate, excite, encourage, stir up

The government plans to cut taxes in order to stimulate the economy.

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57
Q

likelihood

A

the chance that something will happen:

plausibility, reasonableness, possibility , probability

This latest dispute greatly increases the likelihood of a strike.
There is every likelihood that more jobs will be lost later this year.

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58
Q

urge

A

a strong wish, especially one that is difficult or impossible to control:

charge , beseech, implore, entreat, desire , press , incite, move , prompt , instigate, exhort, conjure, prevail upon, induce

The two of them seem unable to control their sexual urges.
The urge to steal is very strong in some of these young men.

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59
Q

conceive

A

to imagine something / to invent a plan or an idea (anlamak, akıl erdirmek)

imagine, consider, invent, think, fabricate

I think my uncle still conceives of me as a four-year-old.
I can’t conceive that how all animates come from one ancestor.

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60
Q

quest

A

a long search for something that is difficult to find, or an attempt to achieve something difficult:

journey , search , crusade, examination , hunt , expedition, pilgrimage, mission

Nothing will stop them in their quest for truth.
They resulted their quest successfully although they were a lot of obstacles on their way

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61
Q

encompass

A

to include different types of things:

encircle, compass , gird, envelop , surround , circumscribe, circle , enclose , girdle, ring

The festival is to encompass everything from music, theatre, and ballet to literature, cinema, and the visual arts.
The director encompassed a few stories from different countries into the movie

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62
Q

Endeavor

A

Try to do something (çaba, gayret)

attempt, aim, try, venture, make an effort

Engineers are endeavoring to locate the source of the problem.
Scientists endeavored to demonstrate their hypothesis on evolution.

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63
Q

amuse

A

to entertain someone, especially by humorous speech or action or by making them laugh or smile:

divert , cheer , occupy, interest , delight , regale, make laugh, strike as funny, tickle , raise a laugh, convulse, crack up, break up, have rolling in the aisles, have in stitches, kill , slay , tickle silly, keep busy

I’ve brought an article from yesterday’s paper that I thought might amuse you.
I think it amuses him to see people make fools of themselves.

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64
Q

profound

A

felt or experienced very strongly or in an extreme way

heavy, serious, wise, intense, immense

Those two lines of poetry express perfectly the profound sadness of loss.
After loosing his job he has been profoundly desperate.

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65
Q

promordial

A

existing at or since the beginning of the world or the universe:

The planet Jupiter contains large amounts of the primordial gas and dust out of which the solar system was formed.​
Instead of each of the different species being created individually by God, they were all descended from a primordial organism that lived millions of years ago: the last universal common ancestor.

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66
Q

neat

A

tidy with everything in its place / good / clever

clean, tidy, trim, smart, correct / great, cool / deft, skillful, expert, handy

You have such neat hand writing.
All my life, my room has been untidy. So I have never possess a neat room

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67
Q

compelling

A

If a reason, argument, etc. is compelling, it makes you believe it or accept it because it is so strong

force, enforce, obligate, intimidate

It is fairly compelling argument for going.
The hypothesis on revolution was compelling so believer couldn’t spark a debate.

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68
Q

fragile

A

easily damaged, broken, or harmed

delicate, breakable

I felt rather fragile for a few days after the operation.
The relationship between her parents was fragile so she always scared that they will divorce someday.

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69
Q

Elaborate

A

containing a lot of careful detail or many detailed parts

complicate, extensive, intricate, complex

He came out with a such an elaborate excuse that I didn’t quite believe him
The watchmaker couldn’t repair the elaborate watch.

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70
Q

advance

A

to go or move something forward or to develop or improve something

progress, new development, improvement

The troop advanced on the city (approached it, ready to attack)
My vocabulary advanced moderately after approach change my technic.

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71
Q

norm

A

an accepted standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with

average , standard , model

These standards generally exceed the accepted industry norms.
To improve scientific breakthroughs norms should be changed.

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72
Q

tedious

A

boring and tiring, esp. because long or often repeated

slow , wearisome, tiresome , dull , boring , annoying , banal, belaboured, boresome, broken-record, changeless, dismal , drab

In my six months at my current working place was tedious because I didn’t have work to do.

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73
Q

exhilarating

A

making you feel very excited and happy (neşelendirmek

stimulating, exciting, animating, moving

An exhilarating sense of new beginnings swept (yayılmak) through him
Last weekend I had a small trip with my friends and we spent an exhilarating night together.

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74
Q

atone

A

to do something that shows you are sorry for something bad that you did or for something that you failed to do:

The director of the company has expressed a wish to atone for her past sins.
The engineering team has been working two more hours to atone themselves since they made a fatal mistake

75
Q

outage

A

a period when a service, such as electricity, is not available:

blackout, dim-out, electrical failure, failure of gas

Fires and carbon monoxide poisoning can occur after a storm causes a power outage.
One of the consequences of World War Two for Germany was a gas outage.

76
Q

convey

A

to express a thought, feeling or idea so that is understood by other people

carry, move, send, transport, communicate, conduct

You don’t want to convey the impression that we we’re not interested.
During her speech he managed to convey with the audience

77
Q

favour

A

The support or approved of something or someone(iyilik etmek, kayırmak)

service, kindness, support

She is out of favour with her collegues.
He didn’t get any favour from his parents even if the situation was really risky.

78
Q

out of blue

A

if something happens out of blue, it is completely unexpected

My old roommate called me out of blue
The president voice tone denoted his angry while giving a daily speech out of blue

79
Q

inhibit

A

to prevent someone from doing something by making them feel nervous or embarrassed

This drug inhibits the growth of tumours.
The new law inhibits the people to smoke inside room.

80
Q

volatile

A

likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly, especially by getting worse:

unstable, unpredictable

Food and fuel prices are very volatile in a war situation.
After Erdogan changed the system and become the president, currency ratios are volatile.

81
Q

explicit

A

clear and exact

express, exact, definite, precise, specific

She was very explicit about what she thought was wrong with the plans.

82
Q

toss

A

to throw something carelessly:

hurl , fling , cast , throw , chuck , hoy, catapult, propel

He glanced at the letter and then tossed it into the bin.
She is very aggressive during the shopping, therefore, she toss everything into the basket

83
Q

tackle

A

to try to deal with something or someone:

I tackled him about his careless work.
It seems that poor people can’t tackle the new economic situation

84
Q

adherent

A

a person who strongly supports a particular person, principle, or set of ideas

follower, partisan, backer, advocate

She has long been an adherent of the Communist Party
There are many people who are adherent to religion like a political party.

85
Q

trade off

A

a situation in which you balance two opposing situations or qualities:

There is a trade-off between doing the job accurately and doing it quickly.

86
Q

ease

A

To make or become less severe (şiddetli), difficult, unpleasant, paintful et.c
The state of being no difficult, effort, pain, etc

To ease the problem of overcrowding, new prisons will built.
He found a new job with ease, after resigning from his latest job.

87
Q

Strain

A

A force or influence that stretches, pulls or puts pressure on something

tension, pressure, stress

Their constant arguments were putting a strain on their marriage.
I couldn’t swim because of strained muscle on my leg.

88
Q

narrow

A

having a small distance from one side to the other, especially in comparison with the length

close, tight, thin, slim

They had a narrow escape when their car crashed.
They managed to escape through a narrow path when the ice started to crack.

89
Q

emprical

A

Based on what is experienced or seen rather than theory

experiential, observational, practical, pragmatic

Empirical studies show that some forms of alternative medicine are extremely effective.
After 3 years of research they will offer an empirical theory.

90
Q

exposure

A

the fact of experiencing something or being affected by it because of being in a particular situation or place:

You should always limit your exposure to the sun.

91
Q

Vague

A

not clearly expressed, known, described, or decided:

indefinite, imprecise, woolly, uncertain, unsure

I do have a vague memory of meeting her many years ago.
I have some vague wounds in my mouth

92
Q

genuine

A

If something is genuine, it is real and exactly what it appears to be:

authentic, real, sincere

If it is a genuine Michelangelo drawing, it will sell for millions.

He has demonstrated a genuine interest in the project.
She indicates some genuine reasons not to come work

93
Q

extinct

A

not now existing / no longer existence

dead, ended, vanished, extinguished

A lot of trades have became extinct because of the development of technology.
The world changed after the extinction of dinasours

94
Q

preserve

A

to keep something as it is, especially in order to prevent it from decaying or being damaged or destroyed:

save, protect, defend, keep safe

Putting varnish(cila sürmek) on wood is a way of preserving it.
The biggest problem of Istanbul is that governers don't mind to preserve its historical appearance
95
Q

prompt

A

(of an action) done quickly and without delay, or (of a person) acting quickly or arriving at the arranged time:

timely , punctual, quick , immediate , rapid

Try to be prompt because we’ll be very short of time.
The chamber’s reply was very prompt.

96
Q

longing

A

A feeling of wanting something or somebody very much

extended, prolong, enduring

Apparently he saw the longing there, because he slowly leaned down and kissed her lips

97
Q

ostensible

A

appearing or claiming to be one thing when it is really something else:

Their ostensible goal was to clean up government corruption, but their real aim was to unseat the government.
My ostensible thought was to work at the same company, but in real I want to go to abroad.

98
Q

exploit

A

to use someone or something unfairly for your own advantage:

take advantage of, abuse

Laws exist to stop companies exploiting their employees.
He was exploit her feeling toward him.

99
Q

sinister

A

Making you feel that something bad or evil might happen

evil, bad, corrupt

A sinister-looking man sat in the corner of the room
Some turkish people believe that black cats are sinister.

100
Q

legitimate

A

Allowed by low / reasonable and acceptable (meşru, aklay uygun)

licit, legal, lawful / reasonable, logical, understandable

The army must give power back to the legitimate government
He claimed that the restaurant bill was a legitimate business expense.

101
Q

appeal

A

to make a serious or formal request, especially to the public for many information or help

request, plea, demand, call

The police have issued an appeal to the public to stay away from the area over the weekend.
The appeal for people to donate blood was very successful.

the quality in someone or something that makes him, her, or it attractive or interesting: cazibe

Spielberg’s movies have a wide appeal.

102
Q

devastate

A

to destroy a place or thing completely or cause great damage

crush, ravage, destroy

The town was devastated by a hurricane in 1928.

103
Q

flourishing

A

growing or developing successfully:

thriving, prosperous, booming

At this time Boston was the most flourishing town of North America.

104
Q

broad

A

Very wide (engin, geniş) / including a wide range of things; general

wide, extended, range / general

The river is over 500 metres broad at its widest point.
The broadest
He moved the broadest wooden parts in the forrest

105
Q

comply

A

To act according to an order, set of rules, or request

adhere, carry out, obey, observe

He was happy to comply without any further urging from me.
The employee refused to comply the order from his boss.

106
Q

subside

A

if a condition subsides, it becomes less strong or extreme

recede, sink, fall, slide down

As the pain in my food subsided, I was able to talk the short distance to the car.
The athlete told that his pain didn’t subside.

107
Q

dispatch

A

To send something, especially good or message somewhere for a particular message

Transmit, express, forward

In her latest dispatch, Clare Duggan, our war correspondent, reported an increase in fighting.
After the trade agreement, the stakeholder dispatched the money.

108
Q

mild

A

Not violent, severe, or extreme (ılıman, hafif yumuşak)

meek, easygoing, calm, light, moderate

He has suffered a mild heart attack- nothing too serious.
After the war, the respond of the country was mild.

109
Q

vigorous

A

very forceful or energetic

energetic, lively, dynamic, robust, strong, powerful

There has been vigorous opposition (ayrılı, karşı koyma) to the proposal for a new road.
They found an vigorous topic to talk long time

110
Q

evitable

A

able to avoid or prevented

Inevitable suffering due to persecution is to be distinguished from evitable sickness.
When they started to debate, she knows that fighting was inevitable

111
Q

scribble

A

to write or draw something quickly or carelessly

scrawl, scratch, write, doodle

I scribbled a few words on her postcards.
He always scribbles on paper while talking on phones.

112
Q

deprive

A

to take something, especially something necessary or pleasant, away from someone

withhold, take away

He claimed that he had been deprived of his freedom.
During the course she couldn’t improve her grades, therefore her teacher deprived of her free IELTS exam.

113
Q

prospect

A

the possibility that something good might happen in the future

likelihood, chance, possibility, probability

There seems little prospect of an end to the dispute (çekişme, tartışma)

114
Q

thrive

A

to grow, develop, or be successful

flourish, rise, bloom, grow

His business thrived in the years before the war.
After the investment industrialism thrived in a decade.

115
Q

strip

A

to remove, pull, or tear the covering or outer layer from something:

displace, bare, remove, peel, dismantle, tear, lift off; see also peel, remove, shred.

The paintwork was so bad that we decided to strip off all the paint and start again.
They were trying to strip the wallpaper

116
Q

spoil

A

to destroy or reduce the pleasure, interest, or beauty of something

ruin, destroy, defile, plunder; disgrace, decay, indulge, injure.

The oil spill (dökülmek) has spoiled the whole beautiful coastline.

117
Q

promising

A

Something that is promising shows sign that is going to be successful or enjoyable(gelecek vaadeden)

likely, assuring, encouraging, hopeful

They won the award for the most promising new band of the year.

118
Q

triumph

A

a very great success, achievement, or victory, or a feeling of great satisfaction or pleasure caused by this

conquest, mastery, achievement, ascendancy, gain, success; see also victory

The book celebrates the hostages’ remarkable triumph over appalling (korkunç, ürkütücü) adversity(zorlu sıkıntılı, düşkünlük).

119
Q

inferior

A

not good, or not as good as someone or something else (aşağı derece)

secondary, lower, minor, junior / mediocre, second-rate, poor

She cited cases in which women had received inferior healthcare.

120
Q

neighbourhood

A

the area of a town that surrounds someone’s home, or the people who live in this area

There were lots of kids in my neighbourhood when I was growing up.

121
Q

neighbor

A

someone who lives near you:

acquaintance, bystander, next-door-neighbor, nearby resident; see friend

Elie is my next-door neighbor.

122
Q

retreat

A

to go away from a place or person in order to escape from fighting or danger:

removal, evacuation

Attacks by enemy aircraft forced the tanks to retreat (from the city).
When she came towards me shouting, I retreated (behind my desk).

123
Q

expedition

A

an organized journey for a particular purpose:

excursion, voyage, campaign

Scott died while he was on an expedition to the Antarctic in 1912.

124
Q

deliberate

A

(often of something bad) intentional or planned

Some women make a deliberate choice to rear a child alone.

125
Q

creep

A

to move slowly, quietly, and carefully, usually in order to avoid being noticed:

crowl (sürünmek), slither (sürünmek), sneak

She turned off the light and crept through the door.

126
Q

welfare

A

help given, especially by the state or an organization, to people who need it, especially because they do not have enough money:

social work, public assistance, social aid, unemployment benifit

Your taxes pay for welfare benefits such as unemployment and sickness pay.

127
Q

rivalry

A

a situation in which people, businesses, etc. compete with each other for the same thing:

competition, emulation, striving, contest

There’s fierce rivalry for the job/to get the job.

128
Q

lethal

A

Able to cause or causing death, extremely dangerous

deadly, fatal, mortal, harmful

Three minutes after the fire started, the house was full of lethal fumes (gaz).

129
Q

wave

A

to raise your hand and move it from side to side as a way of greeting someone, telling someone to do something, or adding emphasis to an expression

I was waving my hand like mad but he never once looked in my direction.

130
Q

omit

A

to fail to include or do something ( dahil etmemek, atlamak)

leave out, except, reject

The book omitted any mention of the king’s illness.

131
Q

catastrophe

A

a sudden event that causes very great trouble or destruction:

disaster, calamity, mishap, failure, fatality, tragedy

They were warned of the ecological catastrophe to come.

132
Q

dawn

A

the period in the day when light from the sun begins to appear in the sky:

sunrise, daybreak, mornings

We left as dawn was breaking (= starting).
We left at the break of dawn.

133
Q

tear

A

to pull or be pulled apart, or to pull pieces off:

rend, rip, split, lacerate

You have to be very careful with books this old because the paper tears very easily.
I tore my skirt on the chair as I stood up.

134
Q

competent

A

able to do something well

fit, qualified, skilled

She has shown herself to be a highly competent manager.

135
Q

retain

A

to keep or continue to have something:

hold, hold back, keep, keep back, reserve, withhold.

He managed to retain his dignity(ağır başlılık) throughout the performance.

136
Q

be in favour of sth/doing sth

A

to support or approve of something:

Are you in favour of a ban on smoking?

137
Q

have egg on your face

A

If you have egg on your face, you look stupid because of something that you have done:

This latest scandal has left the government with egg on its face.

138
Q

fore

A

to public attention or into a noticeable position:
The prime minister has deliberately brought to the fore those ministers with a more caring image.

at or towards the front:

the forelegs (= front legs) of a horse
the foreground (= things that seem nearest to you) of a picture
139
Q

attain

A

to reach or succeed in getting something:

win, achieve, accomplish

We need to identify the best ways of attaining our objectives/goals.
India attained independence in 1947, after decades of struggle.

140
Q

detriment

A

harm or damage:

loss, harm, injury, drawback

Are you sure that I can follow this diet without detriment to my health?
She was very involved with sports at college, to the detriment of (= harming) her studies.

141
Q

pose

A

to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty:

Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone.
The mountain terrain poses particular problems for civil engineers.

142
Q

abundant

A

more than enough

copious, sufficient, ample, plentiful

There is abundant evidence that cars have a harmful effect on the environment.
Cheap consumer goods are abundant (= exist in large amounts) in this part of the world.

143
Q

expand

A

to increase in size, number, or importance, or to make something increase in this way:

extend, augment, enlarge, increase, grow, develop

The air in the balloon expands when heated.
They expanded their retail (perakende satış ) operations during the 1980s.

144
Q

tiresome

A

annoying and making you lose patience

monotonous, boring, drear, dull ,tedious, irksome

I find it very tiresome doing the same job day after day.
He has the tiresome habit of finishing your sentences for you.

145
Q

rage

A

(a period of) extreme or violent anger:

fury, wrath, ferocity

Her sudden towering rages were terrifying.
I was frightened because I had never seen him in such a rage before.

146
Q

hostile

A

unfriendly and not liking something

antagonistic, hateful, opposed

The security forces exercised great restraint by not responding to hostile attacks and threats.

147
Q

abolish

A

to end an activity or custom officially

suppress, terminate, eliminate

The government is planning to abolish subsidies (devlet desteği) to farmers.

148
Q

facilitate

A

to make something possible or easier:

promote, aid, make easy, expedite

The new ramp will facilitate the entry of wheelchairs.
The current structure does not facilitate efficient work flow.

149
Q

substantial

A

large in size, value, or importance:

solid, firm, valuable, extraordinary, real, tangible, abundant, plentiful, affluent

The findings show a substantial difference between the opinions of men and women.
She inherited a substantial fortune from her grandmother.

150
Q

as far as sb is concerned

A

in a particular person’s opinion:

As far as I’m concerned, feng shui doesn’t work.

151
Q

as far as sth is concerned

A

if we are discussing or thinking about a particular thing:

As far as money is concerned, the council has exhausted all its resources.

152
Q

imperative

A

extremely important or urgent:

inescapable, immediate, crucial, compelling; see crucial, important 1, necessary 1, urgent 1.

The president said it was imperative that the release of all hostages be secured.
It’s imperative to act now before the problem gets really serious.

153
Q

be to blame

A

to be the reason for something that happens:

The hot weather is partly to blame for the water shortage.

154
Q

deteriorate

A

to become worse:

depreciate, decline, worsen, degenerate

She was taken into hospital last week when her condition suddenly deteriorated.
The political situation in the region has deteriorated rapidly.

155
Q

pitch

A

the level or degree of something:

The piano and organ were tuned to the same pitch (= note).
If you teach children and adults in the same class, it’s difficult to get the pitch (= level of difficulty or interest) right.

156
Q

curb

A

to control or limit something that is not wanted:

restrain, check, control, subdue

The government should act to curb tax evasion.
He is someone who finds it difficult to curb his fleshly desires.

157
Q

ripe

A

(of fruit or crops) completely developed and ready to be collected or eaten:

158
Q

comprise

A

to have things or people as parts or members; to consist of:

The course comprises a class book, a practice book, and a CD.

to be the parts or members of something; to make up something:

Italian students comprise 60 percent of the class.
The class is comprised mainly of Italian and French students.
159
Q

swing

A

to move easily and without interruption backwards and forwards or from one side to the other, especially from a fixed point, or to cause something or someone to do this:

fluctuate, rotate

He walked briskly along swinging his rolled-up umbrella.

160
Q

poverty

A

the condition of being extremely poor:

beggary, indigence, need, neediness

Two million people in the city live in abject (= very great) poverty.
He emigrated to Australia to escape the grinding (= very great) poverty of his birthplace.
Helping to alleviate (yatıştırmak) poverty in developing countries also helps to reduce environmental destruction.

161
Q

regarding

A

about, in relation to

The company is being questioned regarding its employment policy.

162
Q

vivid

A

Vivid descriptions, memories, etc. produce very clear, powerful, and detailed images in the mind:

strong, striking, lucid, clear

He gave a very vivid and often shocking account/description of his time in prison.

The definition of vivid is something that is bright, intense or full of life.

163
Q

adverse

A

having a negative or harmful effect on something:

antagonistic, conflicting, inimical, opposing, unfriendly

The match has been cancelled because of adverse weather conditions.
They received a lot of adverse publicity/criticism about the changes.
So far the drug is thought not to have any adverse effects.

164
Q

mitigate

A

o make something less harmful, unpleasant, or bad:

alleviate, lessen, moderate; decrease 1, relieve

It is unclear how to mitigate the effects of tourism on the island.
Mitigate Sentence Examples
Good information on a product can mitigate this problem.
Morphine may be given hypodermically to mitigate the pain.

165
Q

outright

A

completely or immediately

entirely, fully, absolutely

I think cigarette advertising should be banned outright.
The driver and all three passengers were killed outright.

166
Q

imply

A

to communicate an idea or feeling without saying it directly:

import, indicate, signify, intend, mean

I’m not implying anything about your cooking, but could we eat out tonight?
I detected an implied criticism of the way he was treated.

167
Q

compulsive

A

doing something a lot and unable to stop doing it

addicted, driven, enthusiastic, habitual

Even if you’re not a compulsive checker of work emails, simply having the ability to check them has an impact

168
Q

excess

A

an amount that is more than acceptable, expected, or reasonable:

Abundance, redundancy, profusion

An excess of enthusiasm is not always a good thing.

169
Q

beforehand

A

earlier (than a particular time):

previous, already

I knew she was coming that afternoon because she had phoned beforehand to say so.

170
Q

convention

A

a large formal meeting of people who do a particular job or have a similar interest, or a large meeting for a political party:

assembly, convocation, meeting, conference

the national Democratic convention
Where are they holding their party convention?
The Democrats have chosen the Texas state treasurer as the keynote speaker at their convention.
The Governor of New York delivered a rousing speech to the national convention.

171
Q

intimidate

A

to frighten or threaten someone, usually in order to persuade them to do something that you want them to do:

scare, overawe, cow, browbeat

They were intimidated into accepting a pay cut by the threat of losing their jobs.

172
Q

definitive

A

not able to be changed or improved:

conclusive, final, ultimate, absolute, conclusive.

There are no definitive answers/solutions to this problem.
The police have no definitive proof of her guilt.

173
Q

descend

A

to go or come down

slide, settle, gravitate, slip, sink, pitch, slope

The path descended steeply into the valley.
Jane descended the stairs.

174
Q

circuitous

A

not straight or direct:

complicated, roundabout, devious

We took a circuitous route home.
The train tracks wound circuitously through the canyons.

175
Q

ascent

A

the act of climbing or moving upwards:

rising, climbing, mounting

She made her first successful ascent of Everest last year.

His ascent to power was rapid and unexpected.

176
Q

pursuit

A

an activity that you spend time doing, usually when you are not working:

relaxation, recreation, hobby, leisure

I enjoy outdoor pursuits, like hiking and riding.

I don’t have much opportunity for leisure pursuits these days.

the act of following someone or something to try to catch him, her, or it:

pursue, run, track, stalk, bear

Three people have been killed in high-speed pursuits by the police recently.

The robbers fled the scene of the crime, with the police in pursuit.

177
Q

rey

A

an animal that is hunted and killed for food by another animal:

A hawk hovered in the air before swooping on its prey.

178
Q

mausoleum

A

a building in which the bodies of dead people are buried

tomb, grave, memorial

The Reliance Wall was built on the lion road leaning down Ataturk’s mausoleum

179
Q

sour

A

having a sharp, sometimes unpleasant, taste or smell, like a lemon, and not sweet:

acid, sharp, harsh

These plums are a bit sour.
I used sour cream in the soup.

180
Q

devastate

A

to cause great damage or suffering to something or someone, or to violently destroy a place:

We should feel devastated at funerals.

Waves of corporate downsizing have devastated employee morale.

181
Q

seldom

A

almost never

rarely, unusually, infrequently, occasionally

Now that we have a baby, we seldom get the chance to go to the cinema.

Seldom do we receive any apology when mistakes are made.

182
Q

Peculiar

A

Unusual and strange, sometimes in a unpleasant way

strange, wonderful, uncommon, eccentric, unique

She has the most peculiar ideas.

What a peculiar smell!

It’s peculiar that they didn’t tell us they were going away.

183
Q

depict

A

to represent or show something in a picture or story:

Her paintings depict the lives of ordinary people in the last century.
In the book, he depicts his father as a tyrant.

IELTS Words (36 decks)

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