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Medical Terminology Study Cards > General Vocab > Flashcards

General Vocab Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

root

A
  • gives basic meaning of term
  • each medical term contains one or more roots
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2
Q

prefix

A
  • is added before a root to modify its meaning
  • some medical terms do not have a prefix
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3
Q

prefix usually indicates

A
  • position
  • number
  • time
  • sense of negation
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4
Q

suffix

A
  • is added after a root to modify its meaning
  • most medical terms have a suffix
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5
Q

suffix usually indicates

A

procedure, condition, or disease

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6
Q

combining form

A
  • word root + vowel
  • vowel enables 2 parts to be connected
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7
Q

intra-

A

within/inside

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8
Q

inter-

A

between

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9
Q

micro-

A

small

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10
Q

macro-

A

large

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11
Q

neo-

A

new

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12
Q

pan-

A

all

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13
Q

para-

A

beside, near, beyond

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14
Q

per-

A

through

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15
Q

peri-

A

around

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16
Q

post-

A

after

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17
Q

pre-

A

before

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18
Q

pseudo-

A

false

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19
Q

retro-

A

backward, behind

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20
Q

sub-

A

below, under

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21
Q

super-/supra-

A

above, excess

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22
Q

tachy-

A

rapid, fast

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23
Q

trans-

A

across

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24
Q

ultra-

A

beyond, excess

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25
Q

a-/an-

A

no, not, absence of, without, lack of

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26
Q

ante-

A

before, in front of

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27
Q

anti-

A

against

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28
Q

auto-

A

self

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29
Q

brady-

A

slow

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30
Q

dys-

A

painful, abnormal, difficult

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31
Q

endo-

A

in, within, inside

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32
Q

epi-

A

upon, over

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33
Q

eu-

A

good, normal, easy

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34
Q

hetero-

A

different

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35
Q

homo-

A

same

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36
Q

hyper-

A

above, over, too much

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37
Q

hypo-

A

under, below, less than

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38
Q

infra-

A

under, beneath/below

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39
Q

melano-

A

black

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40
Q

polio-

A

gray

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41
Q

leuko-

A

white

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42
Q

albus-

A

white

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43
Q

cirrhos-

A

yellow

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44
Q

xantho-

A

yellow

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45
Q

erythr-

A

red

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46
Q

rubeo-

A

red

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47
Q

cyano-

A

blue

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48
Q

chloro-

A

green

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49
Q

uni-

A

1

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50
Q

bi-

A

2

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51
Q

tri-

A

3

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52
Q

multi-

A

many

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53
Q

nulli-

A

0

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54
Q

poly-

A

many

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55
Q

quad-

A

4

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56
Q

semi-

A

half, partial

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57
Q

hemi-

A

half

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58
Q

mono-

A

1

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59
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to

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60
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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61
Q

-an

A

pertaining to

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62
Q

-ar

A

pertaining to

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63
Q

-ary

A

pertaining to

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64
Q

-eal

A

pertaining to

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65
Q

-iac

A

pertaining to

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66
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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67
Q

-ical

A

pertaining to

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68
Q

-ile

A

pertaining to

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69
Q

-ior

A

pertaining to

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70
Q

-ory

A

pertaining to

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71
Q

-ose

A

pertaining to

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72
Q

-ous

A

pertaining to

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73
Q

-tic

A

pertaining to

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74
Q

-gram

A

drawing/picture/written record

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75
Q

-graph

A

instrument of recording

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76
Q

-graphy

A

the process/making of recording

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77
Q

-meter

A

instrument for measuring

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78
Q

-metry

A

process of measuring

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79
Q

-scope

A

instrument for viewing

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80
Q

-scopy

A

process of visually examining

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81
Q

-algia

A

pain

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82
Q

-dynia

A

pain

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83
Q

-cele

A

hernia, protrusion

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84
Q

-cise

A

cut

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85
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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86
Q

-ectasis

A

dilation, expansion

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87
Q

-gen

A

that which produces

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88
Q

-genesis

A

produces, generates

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89
Q

-genic

A

producing, produced by

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90
Q

-ia

A

state, condition

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91
Q

-osis

A

abnormal state/condition

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92
Q

-ism

A

state of

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93
Q

-itis

A

inflammation

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94
Q

-logy

A

study of

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95
Q

-logist

A

specialist

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96
Q

-lysis

A

destruction

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97
Q

-malacia

A

abnormal softening

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98
Q

-megaly

A

abnormal enlargement

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99
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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100
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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101
Q

-plasia

A

development, growth

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102
Q

-plasm

A

form, formed into

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103
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping

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104
Q

-rrhage

A

excessive, abnormal flow

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105
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

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106
Q

-sclerosis

A

hardening

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107
Q

-stenosis

A

narrowing

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108
Q

-therapy

A

treatment

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109
Q

-tropy

A

nourishment, development

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110
Q

Aden/o

A

gland

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111
Q

carcin/o

A

cancer

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112
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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113
Q

chem/o

A

chemical

114
Q

cis/o

A

to cut

115
Q

dermat/o

A

skin

116
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

117
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

118
Q

gynec/o

A

female

119
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

120
Q

hydr/o

A

water

121
Q

immun/o

A

immune

122
Q

laryng/o

A

voice box

123
Q

morph/o

A

shape

124
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

125
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

126
Q

opthalm/o

A

eye

127
Q

ot/o

A

ear

128
Q

path/o

A

disease

129
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

130
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

131
Q

ur/o

A

urine

132
Q

-centesis

A

puncture to withdraw fluid

133
Q

-otomy

A

cutting into

134
Q

-ostomy

A

surgically create an opening

135
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

136
Q

-pexy

A

surgical fixation

137
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

138
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suture

139
Q

integumentary

A

to cover

140
Q

epidermis

A

upon the skin

141
Q

stratum corneum consists of…

A

dead cells rich in keratin

142
Q

dermis is the

A

middle, thicker layer of skin

143
Q

the dermis contains…

A

connective tissue, collagen, elastic fibers, nerve endings, blood vessels, muscles, hair follicles, oil glands, sweat glands and fat cells

144
Q

subcutaneous / hypodermis

A

under the skin layer

145
Q

subQ layer found…

A

deep in dermis

146
Q

subQ layer contains

A

larger blood vessels of the skin, composed of adipose tissue

147
Q

“adipo, lipo, steato”

A

fat

148
Q

“cutaneo, dermo, dermato”

A

skin

149
Q

hidro

A

sweat

150
Q

kerato

A

horn, hornlike

151
Q

myco

A

fungus

152
Q

onycho

A

nails

153
Q

“pilo, tricho”

A

hair

154
Q

xero

A

dry

155
Q

ankyl/o

A

stiff joint

156
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

157
Q

articul/o

A

joint

158
Q

burns/o

A

sac

159
Q

carp/o

A

wrist

160
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

161
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

162
Q

cortic/o

A

outer portion

163
Q

cost/o

A

rib

164
Q

crani/o

A

toward the head

165
Q

kyph/o

A

hump

166
Q

Lord/o

A

bent backwards

167
Q

lumb/o

A

loin

168
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord & marrow

169
Q

Orth/o

A

straight

170
Q

oste/o

A

bone

171
Q

ped/o or pod/o

A

child or foot

172
Q

scoli/o

A

crooked, bent

173
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebrae

174
Q

tars/o

A

ankle

175
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

176
Q

-blast

A

immature, embryonic

177
Q

-clasia

A

to surgically break

178
Q

-desis

A

stabilize, fuse

179
Q

-listhesis

A

slipping

180
Q

-porosis

A

porous

181
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

provides body movement

182
Q

smooth muscle

A

involuntary/visceral
found in walls of arteries and veins and in internal organs (except heart)

183
Q

cardiac muscle

A

found only in heart

184
Q

excitability

A

the ability to receive and respond to a stimulus

185
Q

contractility

A

the ability to shorten

186
Q

extensibility

A

the ability to be stretched

187
Q

elasticity

A

the ability to resume normal length after contraction or having been stretched

188
Q

isotonic

A

the muscle shortens

189
Q

isometric

A

tension is increased but the muscle does not shorten

190
Q

flexion

A

bending a joint to increase the angle between two bones or body parts

191
Q

extension

A

straightening a joint to increase the angle between two bones or body parts

192
Q

abduction

A

moving the body part away from the midline of the body

193
Q

adduction

A

moving the body part toward the midline of the body

194
Q

rotation

A

moving the body part around its axis

195
Q

internal rotation

A

medial rotation of the shoulder or hip would point the toes or the flexed forearm inwards toward the midline

196
Q

external rotation

A

lateral rotation is the opposite; it would turn the toes or the flexed forearm outwards away from the midline

197
Q

supination

A

turning the palm of the hand upward

198
Q

pronation

A

turning the palm of the hand downward

199
Q

eversion

A

turning the foot outward

200
Q

inversion

A

turning the foot inward

201
Q

plantar flexion

A

bending the foot causing the toes to point downward as if pressing a car pedal

202
Q

dorsiflexion

A

bending of the foot causing the toes to point upward

203
Q

circumduction

A

circular/conical movement of a body part, such as a ball and socket joint or the eye; a combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction; windmilling the arms or rotating the hand from the wrist are examples

204
Q

opposition

A

a motion involving a grasping motion of the thumb and fingers

205
Q

reposition

A

to release an object by spreading the fingers and thumb

206
Q

biceps (origins)

A

2 origins

207
Q

triceps (origins)

A

3 origins

208
Q

quadriceps

A

4 origins

209
Q

flexor

A

decreases a joint angle

210
Q

extensor

A

increases a joint angle

211
Q

abductor

A

moves a bone away from the midline

212
Q

adductor

A

moves a bone closer to the midline

213
Q

levator

A

raises or elevates a body part

214
Q

depressor

A

lowers or depresses a body part

215
Q

supinator

A

turns palm up

216
Q

pronator

A

turns palm down

217
Q

rotator

A

rotates a bone around its axis

218
Q

minimus

A

smallest

219
Q

minor

A

smaller

220
Q

medius

A

intermediate

221
Q

magnus

A

large

222
Q

major

A

larger

223
Q

maximus

A

largest

224
Q

vastus

A

huge

225
Q

rectus

A

parallel to midline

226
Q

oblique

A

diagonal to midline

227
Q

transverse

A

perpendicular to midline

228
Q

gracilis

A

slender

229
Q

platys

A

flat

230
Q

deltoid

A

triangular

231
Q

orbicularis

A

circular

232
Q

piformis

A

pear shaped

233
Q

rhomboid

A

diamond shaped

234
Q

trapezius

A

trapezoid

235
Q

serratus

A

saw toothed

236
Q

pectinate

A

comb like

237
Q

quadratus

A

square- four sided

238
Q

sphincter

A

decreases the size of an opening

239
Q

tensor

A

makes a body part rigid

240
Q

fasci/o or fascia

A

sheet/band of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels and nerves. sometimes binding them together and sometimes allowing structures to slide over or around each other

241
Q

kinesi/o

A

movement

242
Q

my/o or myos/o

A

muscle

243
Q

musclu/o

A

muscle

244
Q

“tend/o , ten/o , tendin/o”

A

tendon

245
Q

-kinesia

A

movement

246
Q

-tonia

A

tone

247
Q

function of gastrointestinal system

A
  • breakdown of food thru mechanical and chemical digestion
  • absorption of nutrient molecules into the body via the blood stream
  • elimination as waste, of any food not digested or absorbed
248
Q

how long continuous muscular tube

A

approx 30 feet stretching from the mouth to the anus

249
Q

structures (6)

A
  1. oral cavity (mouth)
  2. pharynx
  3. esophagus
  4. stomach
  5. small intestine
  6. colon
250
Q

accessory organs (4)

A
  • liver
  • pancreas
  • gallbladder
  • salivary glands
251
Q

an/o

A

anus

252
Q

append/o or appendic/o

A

appendix

253
Q

cec/o

A

cecum

254
Q

col/o or colon/o

A

colon

255
Q

duoden/o

A

duodenum

256
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

257
Q

ile/o

A

ileum

258
Q

jejun/o

A

jejunum

259
Q

palat/o

A

palate

260
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

261
Q

pharyng/o or pharynx

A

throat

262
Q

pylor/o

A

pylorus

263
Q

rect/o

A

rectum

264
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

265
Q

bar/o

A

weight

266
Q

bucc/o

A

cheek

267
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

268
Q

cholangi/o

A

bile duct

269
Q

choledoch/o

A

common bile duct

270
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

271
Q

dent/o or odont/o

A

tooth

272
Q

gingiv/o

A

gums

273
Q

gloss/o or lingu/o

A

tongue

274
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

275
Q

labi/o

A

lips

276
Q

larp/o

A

abdomen

277
Q

lith/o

A

stone

278
Q

or/o

A

mouth

279
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

280
Q

sialaden/o

A

salivary gland

281
Q

-emesis

A

vomit

Medical Terminology Study Cards (16 decks)

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