- gives basic meaning of term - each medical term contains one or more roots

- is added before a root to modify its meaning - some medical terms do not have a prefix

- is added after a root to modify its meaning - most medical terms have a suffix

- word root + vowel - vowel enables 2 parts to be connected

General Vocab Flashcards by Ava Ruiz

root

gives basic meaning of term
each medical term contains one or more roots

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prefix

is added before a root to modify its meaning
some medical terms do not have a prefix

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prefix usually indicates

position
number
time
sense of negation

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suffix

is added after a root to modify its meaning
most medical terms have a suffix

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suffix usually indicates

procedure, condition, or disease

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combining form

word root + vowel
vowel enables 2 parts to be connected

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intra-

within/inside

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inter-

between

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micro-

small

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macro-

large

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neo-

new

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pan-

all

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para-

beside, near, beyond

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per-

through

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peri-

around

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post-

after

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pre-

before

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pseudo-

false

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retro-

backward, behind

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sub-

below, under

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super-/supra-

above, excess

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tachy-

rapid, fast

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trans-

across

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ultra-

beyond, excess

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a-/an-

no, not, absence of, without, lack of

ante-

before, in front of

anti-

against

auto-

self

brady-

slow

dys-

painful, abnormal, difficult

endo-

in, within, inside

epi-

upon, over

eu-

good, normal, easy

hetero-

different

homo-

same

hyper-

above, over, too much

hypo-

under, below, less than

infra-

under, beneath/below

melano-

black

polio-

gray

leuko-

white

albus-

white

cirrhos-

yellow

xantho-

yellow

erythr-

red

rubeo-

red

cyano-

blue

chloro-

green

uni-

bi-

tri-

multi-

many

nulli-

poly-

many

quad-

semi-

half, partial

hemi-

half

mono-

-ac

pertaining to

-al

pertaining to

-an

pertaining to

-ar

pertaining to

-ary

pertaining to

-eal

pertaining to

-iac

pertaining to

-ic

pertaining to

-ical

pertaining to

-ile

pertaining to

-ior

pertaining to

-ory

pertaining to

-ose

pertaining to

-ous

pertaining to

-tic

pertaining to

-gram

drawing/picture/written record

-graph

instrument of recording

-graphy

the process/making of recording

-meter

instrument for measuring

-metry

process of measuring

-scope

instrument for viewing

-scopy

process of visually examining

-algia

pain

-dynia

pain

-cele

hernia, protrusion

-cise

cut

-cyte

cell

-ectasis

dilation, expansion

-gen

that which produces

-genesis

produces, generates

-genic

producing, produced by

-ia

state, condition

-osis

abnormal state/condition

-ism

state of

-itis

inflammation

-logy

study of

-logist

specialist

-lysis

destruction

-malacia

abnormal softening

-megaly

abnormal enlargement

-oma

tumor

-pathy

disease

-plasia

development, growth

-plasm

form, formed into

-ptosis

drooping

-rrhage

excessive, abnormal flow

-rrhexis

rupture

-sclerosis

hardening

-stenosis

narrowing

-therapy

treatment

-tropy

nourishment, development

Aden/o

gland

carcin/o

cancer

cardi/o

heart

chem/o

chemical

cis/o

to cut

dermat/o

skin

enter/o

small intestine

gastr/o

stomach

gynec/o

female

hemat/o

blood

hydr/o

water

immun/o

immune

laryng/o

voice box

morph/o

shape

nephr/o

kidney

neur/o

nerve

opthalm/o

eye

ot/o

ear

path/o

disease

pulmon/o

lung

rhin/o

nose

ur/o

urine

-centesis

puncture to withdraw fluid

-otomy

cutting into

-ostomy

surgically create an opening

-ectomy

surgical removal

-pexy

surgical fixation

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhaphy

suture

integumentary

to cover

epidermis

upon the skin

stratum corneum consists of...

dead cells rich in keratin

dermis is the

middle, thicker layer of skin

the dermis contains...

connective tissue, collagen, elastic fibers, nerve endings, blood vessels, muscles, hair follicles, oil glands, sweat glands and fat cells

subcutaneous / hypodermis

under the skin layer

subQ layer found...

deep in dermis

subQ layer contains

larger blood vessels of the skin, composed of adipose tissue

"adipo, lipo, steato"

fat

"cutaneo, dermo, dermato"

skin

hidro

sweat

kerato

horn, hornlike

myco

fungus

onycho

nails

"pilo, tricho"

hair

xero

dry

ankyl/o

stiff joint

arthr/o

joint

articul/o

joint

burns/o

sac

carp/o

wrist

cervic/o

neck

chondr/o

cartilage

cortic/o

outer portion

cost/o

rib

crani/o

toward the head

kyph/o

hump

Lord/o

bent backwards

lumb/o

loin

myel/o

spinal cord & marrow

Orth/o

straight

oste/o

bone

ped/o or pod/o

child or foot

scoli/o

crooked, bent

spondyl/o

vertebrae

tars/o

ankle

thorac/o

chest

-blast

immature, embryonic

-clasia

to surgically break

-desis

stabilize, fuse

-listhesis

slipping

-porosis

porous

Skeletal Muscle

provides body movement

smooth muscle

involuntary/visceral found in walls of arteries and veins and in internal organs (except heart)

cardiac muscle

found only in heart

excitability

the ability to receive and respond to a stimulus

contractility

the ability to shorten

extensibility

the ability to be stretched

elasticity

the ability to resume normal length after contraction or having been stretched

isotonic

the muscle shortens

isometric

tension is increased but the muscle does not shorten

flexion

bending a joint to increase the angle between two bones or body parts

extension

straightening a joint to increase the angle between two bones or body parts

abduction

moving the body part away from the midline of the body

adduction

moving the body part toward the midline of the body

rotation

moving the body part around its axis

internal rotation

medial rotation of the shoulder or hip would point the toes or the flexed forearm inwards toward the midline

external rotation

lateral rotation is the opposite; it would turn the toes or the flexed forearm outwards away from the midline

supination

turning the palm of the hand upward

pronation

turning the palm of the hand downward

eversion

turning the foot outward

inversion

turning the foot inward

plantar flexion

bending the foot causing the toes to point downward as if pressing a car pedal

dorsiflexion

bending of the foot causing the toes to point upward

circumduction

circular/conical movement of a body part, such as a ball and socket joint or the eye; a combination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction; windmilling the arms or rotating the hand from the wrist are examples

opposition

a motion involving a grasping motion of the thumb and fingers

reposition

to release an object by spreading the fingers and thumb

biceps (origins)

2 origins

triceps (origins)

3 origins

quadriceps

4 origins

flexor

decreases a joint angle

extensor

increases a joint angle

abductor

moves a bone away from the midline

adductor

moves a bone closer to the midline

levator

raises or elevates a body part

depressor

lowers or depresses a body part

supinator

turns palm up

pronator

turns palm down

rotator

rotates a bone around its axis

minimus

smallest

minor

smaller

medius

intermediate

magnus

large

major

larger

maximus

largest

vastus

huge

rectus

parallel to midline

oblique

diagonal to midline

transverse

perpendicular to midline

gracilis

slender

platys

flat

deltoid

triangular

orbicularis

circular

piformis

pear shaped

rhomboid

diamond shaped

trapezius

trapezoid

serratus

saw toothed

pectinate

comb like

quadratus

square- four sided

sphincter

decreases the size of an opening

tensor

makes a body part rigid

fasci/o or fascia

sheet/band of fibrous connective tissue that surrounds muscles, groups of muscles, blood vessels and nerves. sometimes binding them together and sometimes allowing structures to slide over or around each other

kinesi/o

movement

my/o or myos/o

muscle

musclu/o

muscle

"tend/o , ten/o , tendin/o"

tendon

-kinesia

movement

-tonia

tone

function of gastrointestinal system

- breakdown of food thru mechanical and chemical digestion - absorption of nutrient molecules into the body via the blood stream - elimination as waste, of any food not digested or absorbed

how long continuous muscular tube

approx 30 feet stretching from the mouth to the anus

structures (6)

1. oral cavity (mouth) 2. pharynx 3. esophagus 4. stomach 5. small intestine 6. colon

accessory organs (4)

- liver - pancreas - gallbladder - salivary glands

an/o

anus

append/o or appendic/o

appendix

cec/o

cecum

col/o or colon/o

colon

duoden/o

duodenum

esophag/o

esophagus

ile/o

ileum

jejun/o

jejunum

palat/o

palate

pancreat/o

pancreas

pharyng/o or pharynx

throat

pylor/o

pylorus

rect/o

rectum

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

bar/o

weight

bucc/o

cheek

chol/e

bile, gall

cholangi/o

bile duct

choledoch/o

common bile duct

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

dent/o or odont/o

tooth

gingiv/o

gums

gloss/o or lingu/o

tongue

hepat/o

liver

labi/o

lips

larp/o

abdomen

lith/o

stone

or/o

mouth

proct/o

anus and rectum

sialaden/o

salivary gland

-emesis

vomit