general virus crap

Question 1

all viruses have what two things? some viruses have what?

Answer 1

all viruses have:

1. genetic material (either RNA or DNA)
2. capsid (icosahedral or helical)

some viruses also have an envelope (consisting fo a lipid bilayer with glycoproteins sticking out)

Question 2

What is reassortment?

Answer 2

when segmented genomes trade segments (ie influenza)

Question 3

what is complementation?

Answer 3

when 2 viruses infect a host cell, and one uses proteins made by the other virus (ie if virus A has a mutation in one of it’s proteins, so it can’t replicate, but virus B is in the same cell and is able to make the protein, virus A will hijack virus B’s proteins for it’s own use, and they’ll both be able to replicate).

Question 4

phenotypic mixing

Answer 4

when a cell is simultaneously infected by 2 viruses, and the genome of 1 virus is partially/completely used to coat the other virus with surface proteins. (IE Virus A’s genetic material is used to create Virus B’s surface proteins, which means that Virus A has virus B’s infectivity, because infectivity is dictated by surface proteins!)

Question 5

What dictates a virus’s infectivity?

Answer 5

its surface proteins

Question 6

what dictates the genetic material?

Answer 6

the nucleic acids (RNA or DNA)

Question 7

are attenuated vaccines live or dead viruses?

Answer 7

live!

Question 8

attenuated (live) vaccines can’t be used in…

Answer 8

immunocompromised pt!

Question 9

do you need boosters for attenuated (live) or killed vaccines? Why?

Answer 9

killed! Bc killed vaccines only induce humoral (Ab) immunity, which is significantly weaker than live vaccines which induce humoral and cell-mediated immunity.

Question 10

what type of immunity is generated with live (attenuated) vaccines?

Answer 10

cell mediated and humoral (Ab)

Question 11

what type of immunity is generated using killed vaccines?

Answer 11

humoral (Ab)

Question 12

do you need special storage for attenuated (live) vaccines? killed vaccines? component vaccines?

Answer 12

attenuated: yes– bc they’re alive!
killed: NO!
component: no

Question 13

is there potential for contamination with other viruses in attenuated (live) vaccines? killed vaccines? component vaccines?

Answer 13

attenuated- yes– high!
killed - reduced risk
component: no

Question 14

what is the mnemonic for live attenuated vaccines?

Answer 14

Live! One night Only! See small yellow chickens get vaccinated with Sabin’s and MMRR

Live- live vaccine
"one night only"- no boosters necessary!
small: small pox
yellow: yelow fever
chickens: varicella-zoster
Sabin's: attenuated polio (given orally)
M: Mumps
M: Measles
R: Rubella
R: Rotavirus

Question 15

what vaccines are available in the live attenuated form (8)?

Answer 15

Live! One night Only! See small yellow chickens get vaccinated with Sabin’s and MMRR

Live- live vaccine
“one night only”- no boosters necessary!

small: small pox
yellow: yelow fever
chickens: varicella-zoster
Sabin’s: attenuated polio (given orally)
M: Mumps
M: Measles
R: Rubella
R: Rotavirus

Question 16

Adenovirus is the only live virus that is

Answer 16

pathogenic (not attenuated). Respiratory strains given in enteric coated capsules.

Question 17

what is the only pathogenic (rather than attenuated) viral vaccine given?

Answer 17

adenovirus

Question 18

what is the mnemonic for killed vaccines?

Answer 18

Rest In Peace Always
Rabies (killed human diploid cell vaccine)
Influenza
Polio (Salk)
A Hepatitis

Question 19

What are the 4 killed vaccines?

Answer 19

Rabies (killed human diploid cell vaccine)
Influenza
Polio (Salk)
A Hepatitis

**Rest In Peace Always

Question 20

what is a component vaccine?

Answer 20

a vaccine that is man-made, synthetically produced viral antigen that is givento a patient to inducea response

Question 21

what two vaccines are given via component vaccines?

Answer 21

Hep B

HPV (types 6 & 11 for genital warts, types 16 & 18 for cervical cancer)

Question 22

HPV types 6 & 11 give you

Answer 22

genital warts

Question 23

HPV type 16 and 18 give you

Answer 23

cervical cancer