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FINALS: PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION > General Types > Flashcards

General Types Flashcards

1
Q

What are the General Types

A
  1. Speech of Introduction
  2. Speech of Presentation
  3. Speech of Acceptance
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2
Q

designed to tell us about the person being introduced and to help establish his ethos – credentials and/or goodwill

A

Speech of Introduction

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2
Q

This is typically brief, but its greater part is devoted to the person’s biography or some other information relevant to his credibility

A

Speech of Introduction

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3
Q

Parts of a Speech of Introduction

A

a. Introduction
b. Body
c. Conclusion

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3
Q

Focus on qualifications most relevant to the occasion and on some other interesting facts about him

A

Body

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3
Q

Summarize his qualifications and use the summary to explain why he was asked to speak.

A

. Conclusion

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3
Q

Use an anecdote or some story to establish the speaker being introduced

A

Introduction

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3
Q

Discuss his biography and qualifications.

A

Body

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3
Q

End by welcoming the speaker and inviting the audience to join the welcoming by applauding

A

Conclusion

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3
Q

used when a person is publicly presented with a gift or an award. It is usually brief, and the length depends on the formality of the occasion.

A

Speech of Presentation

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3
Q

Typically, a speaker of presentation is speaking on behalf of some group, and he should reflect the shared feelings of the group

A

Speech of Presentation

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3
Q

Parts of a Speech of Presentation

A

a. State the person’s name early in the presentation.
b. Explain the award’s significance as a symbol of the group esteem.
c. Explain how the person is selected for the award.
d. Highlight what makes this person is unique.
e. Hand the award to the recipient.

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3
Q

– delivered by individuals who have been recognized, honored or awarded.

A

Speech of Acceptance

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4
Q

These people know that they will be publicly recognized, so they will have enough time to prepare their speech.

A

Speech of Acceptance

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4
Q

When accepting an award, he must follow the following:

A

a. To be thankful and humble
b. To be succinct
c. To contextualize the award

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4
Q

he must thank the people who helped him succeed

A

a. To be thankful and humble

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4
Q

keep his remarks brief

A

b. To be succinct

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4
Q

he may provide a context for the award by describing what he did that led to the award, or tell a story related to the occasion

A

c. To contextualize the award

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4
Q

Types of Ceremonial Speeches

A
  1. Commencement Address
  2. Commemorative Speech
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4
Q

is also known as a graduation speech.

A

Commencement Address

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4
Q

A speaker in a graduation both acknowledges the importance of the ceremony and honors the graduates.

A

Commencement Address

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4
Q

is a speech of praise or celebration

A

Commemorative Speech

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4
Q

The speech aims to pay tribute to a
person, a group of people, an institution or an idea.

A

Commemorative Speech

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4
Q

The purpose of this speech is not to inform the listeners but to inspire them to assure and heighten their appreciation of or admiration for the person, institution or idea that is being praised.

A

Commemorative Speech

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The speaker wants to express feelings, to stir sentiments – joy and hope when a new building is dedicated or conceptualized, good wishes at a commencement celebration, sorrow and consolation at a funeral or admiration and respect at a testimonial dinner.
Commemorative Speech
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highlight and reinforce cultural beliefs, values and behaviors.
tribute
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praises the qualities of a person, thing, idea, organization, event or group
tribute
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types of commemorative speech
a. tribute b. eulogies
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generally thought of as a speech given to praise or honor someone who has died.
eulogies
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– the speaker is allowed to choose his topic and write his own speech about it
1. Original Oratory
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The speaker should try to relate to the audience the significant meaning in that person’s personality and the virtues he embodied before focusing on his feelings and his experiences on comforting the mourners.
eulogies
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Types of contest speeches
1. Original Oratory 2. Extemporaneous Speaking 3. Dramatic and Humorous Interpretation
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The speech, which needs careful and complete preparation, is memorized and limited to a ten – minute delivery
Original Oratory
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participants prepare a five – seven-minute speech on the topic.
2. Extemporaneous Speaking
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**competitive interpretation** event where participants are permitted to choose the materials they want to perform.
Dramatic and Humorous Interpretation
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This gives the participants an opportunity to share their acting talents.
Dramatic and Humorous Interpretation
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Types of Speeches Based on Delivery
1. Impromptu 2. Extemporaneous 3. Manuscript (Read) Speech 4. Memorize Speech
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– a speech that has no earlier planning or practice
1. Impromptu
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Suggestion in Impromptu
a. Anticipate that you may be called upon to speak b. Stay updated on the development in your field c. Be prepared with a few stories and remarks
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Tips for an effective impromptu delivery
a. Step up to speak with confidence b. Maintain contact with your audience c. Avoid saying ah, so, you know, well, okay d. Stop at the end of an idea; do not hook sentences with fillers, like and, and wh, and so on e. Maintain good posture f. Speak loud enough to be heard easily g. Gesture effectively h. Appear to enjoy speaking i. Appear confident and relaxed j. Speak with enthusiasm k. Hide your goofs or blunders l. Sit down when you are done
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Advantages of Impromptu
* It gives you an opportunity to present your ideas, make appeals or disseminate information at a time most needed by the listeners, which may have some value and impact * It also provides you with a chance to improve your image in the minds of the audience * It allows for spontaneity, which requires minimal planning and practice
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Disadvantages of Impromptu
* It often results in poor performance * It makes you nervous * It discourages audience adaptation * It discourages planned research * It has uncertain outcomes
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– presentation of a carefully planned and **rehearsed speech**, spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes.
Extemporaneous
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tips in starting a Extemporaneous in your Speech
a. Move to the front of the room or stage and face the audience. b. Assume a relaxed but upright position. c. Plant your feet apart, a bit less than your shoulder width, and allow your arms to hang loosely by your side. d. Arrange your notes before you start to speak. e. Look at your audience and smile.
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tips in starting a Extemporaneous in your Gesture
a. Feel free to use your hands to gesture, but do not plan all your gestures ahead of time. Gestures should flow naturally from your feelings. b. Do your best to avoid nervous mannerisms
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tips in starting a Extemporaneous in your Eye Contact
a. Look at the left, right and center part of the room b. Eye contact with the audience does not mean to speak excessively to one or two sympathetic individuals.
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tips in starting a Extemporaneous in your Voice
a. Try to use your voice as expressively as you would in normal conversation. b. Make a conscious effort to speak up, slow down and project clearly. c. Concentrate on projecting your voice to the back of the room and fight against racing through your speech
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Advantage of Extemporaneous
1. It gives more precise control over thought and language 2. It offers greater spontaneity and directness. 3. It is adaptable to a wide range of situations 4. It also encourages the conversational quality audience look for in speech delivery. 5. It appears effortless. 6. It invites bodily movements, gestures and rapid nonverbal response
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Disadvantage of Extemporaneous
1. Too much preparation is involved. 2. It is a potential for miscommunication because of unpredictable spontaneous word choices.
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* Ceremonial speeches such as eulogies, tributes and awards * political speeches * radio and TV speeches * presentation of a policy
Manuscript (Read) Speech
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Advantage of Manuscript (Read) Speech
1. Prevents slip of the tongue, poor wording and distortion of ideas. 2. It is often boosts your confidence as presenter because you are assured of the security of a manuscript.
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Disadvantage of Manuscript (Read) Speech
1. Manuscripts frequently reduce eye contact because you are more focused on reading rather than observing the audience. 2. It hinders audience adaptation. 3. Reading limits your use of gestures to emphasize or illustrate points. 4. Vocal variety may also be lacking because you read the bulk of your presentation 5. The pacing of the presentation may become too rapid or too slow, and instead of sounding conversational, your speech may sound like an essay being read 6. Take note of the following: a. Write the speech word – for word in oral style b. Rehearse by reading each sentence aloud several times. c. Read the entire manuscript aloud d. Read the manuscript again emphasizing words, pausing and looking up as much as possible for audience feedback.
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a speech that you as speaker needs to deliver by rote
Memorized Speech
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Exs. Oratorical competitions, presentation of high – level awards, political speeches
Memorized Speech
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Exs.: classroom discussion, ambush interview, question and answer portion in a beauty contest, self –introduction and giving a toast on a special occasion
Impromptu
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Advantage of Memorized Speech
1. It permits maximum use of delivery skills 2. You can have continuous eye contact 3. Bodily movements and gestures are free. 4. Simply you are searching your memory
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Disadvantage of Memorized Speech
1. It permits little or no adaptation during delivery. 2. Recovery is more difficult if you make a mistake 3. It takes substantial time to prepare and memorize
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FINALS: PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION (5 decks)

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