General Trivia 2 Flashcards
Name this compound
Hint: This essential compound is a universal solvent, polar, and has a high heat capacity, helping with thermoregulation.
Water
Name this element
Hint: The ability of this element to make 4 covalent bonds provides flexibility in bond formation to allow the formation of a huge variety of molecules essential to life.
Carbon
Name this oil or fat
Hint: These are long chains of Hydrocarbons
Lipids
Name these hydrocarbons
Hint: Consist of two monosaccharides bonded together.
Disaccharides
Name this carbohydrate
Hint: These carbs can be added in the cis-golgi and are comprised of 3-10 monosaccharides linked together
Oligosaccharides
Name this form of DNA
Hint: It is the least condensed form of DNA is found in genes being copied or transcribed
DNA double helix
Name this
Hint: The most highly compacted form of heterochromatin only appears during mitosis
Chromosomes
Name this structure
Hint: The second level DNA packaging known as “beads on a string” winds DNA around these structures.
Histones.
Name the final result
Hint: This third packaging level coils strings of nucleosomes into these
Chromatin Fibers
Name the final result
Hint: In the fourth level of DNA packaging compresses the chromatin fibers of the DNA 750 fold.
Chromatin Looped Domains
Name this structure
The amino terminal to carboxy terminal sequence of an amino acid
Primary Structure
Name this structure
Hint: The final folded structure of a single protein
Tertiary Structure
Name this structure
Hint: The collection of two or more seperate proteins that combine to form a final complex
Quaternary Structure
Name this structure
Hint: These secondary structures form parallel or antiparellel planes of amino acids
Beta Sheets
Name this structural unit
This is a discrete structural unit that is assumed to fold independently of the rest of the protein and to have its own function.
A Domain
Name this Tag
These tags send cargo to the lysosome.
mannose-6 phosphate tags (M6P)?
Name this protein
This protein involved is used by the Golgi to form vesicles for exocytosis, endocytosis, and transport to the endosome
Clathrin
Name this coat protein
Hint: The ER uses this coat protein to direct cargo to the Golgi.
COPII? (pronounced COP 2)
Name this Protein
Proteins that need to return from the Golgi to the ER use this coat protein.
COPI (pronounced COP 1)?
Name these amino acid sequences
Proteins destined to the cytosol lack these amino acid sequences to direct them to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Signal Peptides
Name the Plasma Membrane Main Component
The main component of the plasma membrane are these, which have a head group, phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acid tails.
Phospholipids
Name this solution
If a cell is in this type of solution, it can result in lysis due to the lower amounts of solute outside the cell.
Hypotonic
Name this
A cluster of membrane proteins, phospholipids, and other membrane constituents forming chemically and physically distinct patches.
Lipid Raft
Name this type of transportation
Channel-mediated and carrier-mediated are two types of this, which does not require energy.
passive transport
Name these transporters
These transporters briefly disrupt membrane asymmetry by randomizing the phospholipids.
Scramblases
Name this energy source
The primary energy source for the brain’s neurons is this 6 carbon sugar, although ketones can also be used.
Glucose
Name this organ’s primary energy source
The heart is unique in its use of this energy source in addition to some ketones.
Fatty Acid
Name this primary energy source
In skeletal muscle, this is the primary energy source in low intensity exercise with plenty of oxygen.
Fatty Acids
Name this anaerobic metabolic product
In high intensity exercise, glycogen stores will be broken down into this anaerobic metabolism product.
Lactate (Lactic Acid)
Name this molecule
This molecule is an alternate way to store excess ATP, and can be used to generate ATP from ADP in muscle and the brain
Phosphocreatine (creatine phosphate)
