General & Tooth Charting Flashcards
Define the term infection control
Prevention of transmission of potentially pathogenic microorganisms in a dental environment
Give two examples of potentially pathogenic microorganisms
Waterborne legionella + pseudomonas
Blood borne hepatitis B and hepatitis C
HIV
Why is good hand hygiene essential?
Good hand hygiene using the modified Ayliffe technique is a method of infection control that decontaminates to prevent the transmission of potentially pathogenic (micro)organisms
What are Clinell wipes?
Detergent and disinfectant
In the event of a needle stick injury describe the first procedures you would take
A) stop procedure + contact a member of staff
B) rinse area under running water + encourage bleeding
C) wash with alcoholic chlorhexidine/soap but do not scrub
D) dress wound with waterproof dressing
[E) if eye splash, irrigate with copious amounts of water or 0.9% saline solution for one minute. Rinse mouth splashes with tap water for one minute]
F) arrange for completion of dental procedure (another day or another dentist)
G) do not let source patient leave until risk assessment is done
H) inform OHD + visit them (giving details of event + patient)
I) OHD will risk assess + a staff member will risk assess patient for HIV + Hepatitis. Source patient must be counselled prior to testing by staff member other than recipient
J) OHD will take blood sample from recipient to check hepB immunisation effectiveness
K) member of dental staff will arrange to blood test source patient for hepatitis + HIV
L) if source patient found to be high risk + BFE is large, recipient should start post-exposure prophylaxis
In the event of a body fluid exposure via splashes (eye/mouth) describe the first procedures you would take
Stop procedure + contact a member of staff
If eye splash, irrigate with copious amounts of water or 0.9% saline solution for one minute.
Rinse mouth splashes with tap water for one minute
What is a percutaneous injury?
Puncture injury through skin or mucosa by needles, instruments, bone fragments, etc.
What is a mucocutaneous injury?
Splash injury causing exposure of broken skin (previous abrasions, eczema, cuts, etc.) or mucous membranes of eye, nose and mouth
Describe the high risk zone of a surgery
Bracket table
Light
Suction
What do the brown stripes on an instrument package indicate?
Package has been sterilised
When should cleaning and disinfecting commence?
Setting up dental bay
In between patients
When there’s been a spillage
Closing down dental bay
What does FDI mean?
World Dental Federation (Federation Dentaire Internationale)
Principle representative body for dentists - unified voice for dentistry
Develop health policy + education systems
What are the two types of tooth notation charts?
UK - UR UL LL LR , 1-8 and a-e (Palmer/Zsigmondy)
FDI - 1 2 3 4, 1-8
What does BPE stand for?
Basic periodontal examination
What information is required on a patient’a record sheet?
Date
Time
Your name in block capitals and group number
Signature
Your job title
Patients name
Hospital number
Date of birth
Why is accurate dental record-keeping important?
Records provide information about individual patients
Medical history and medications
History of past + present dental treatment + future treatment plan
Legal requirement + legally binding
What are the nine principles of Practice in Dentistry (GDC)?
1) put patients’ interests first
2) communicate effectively with patients
3) obtain valid consent
4) maintain + protect patient records
5) have a clear + effective complaints procedure
6) work with colleagues in a way that is in the patients’ best interests
7) maintain, develop + work within your professional knowledge skills
8) raise concerns if patients are at risk
9) make sure your personal behaviour maintains patients’ confidence in you + the dental profession
Why is communication important in dentistry?
Good communication ensures patients receive full, clear and accurate information that can be understood before, during and after treatment so they can make an informed decision in partnership with the dentist
Recognises the patients’ right to a decision about their healthcare
Why is the General Dental Council important?
A) regulate the training and work of all dentists and dental care professionals
B) all dentists and dental care professionals require GDC registration to work according to the Dentist Act 1984 (Amendment 2005) which states that it is illegal for any dentist to work in the UK without GDC registration
What are the aims of the GDC?
A) protect patients
B) promote the confidence of patients and public in all dental professionals
C) assure quality of education for all dental professionals in the UK
D) ensure dental professionals keep their knowledge up to date (CPD)
E) help patients with any complaints
What is the role of the dentist?
Prime cater of patient + leader of team
Demonstrate effective management and leadership skills as well as work and develop within their professional knowledge
A) diagnose disease
B) prepare and carry out treatment plans
C) carry out necessary procedures
Who is the most important member of the team?
The patient
What is the role of the dental nurse?
A) prepare and maintain the clinical environment by carrying out infection control
B) record dental charting and oral tissue assessments
C) prepare, mix and handle dental materials
D) provide chair side support to the operator during treatment
E) support patient and colleagues
What is the importance of teamwork in dentistry?
Good teamwork ensures effective treatment of the patients
Each team member should understand their role for a team to work effectively
Good communication within the team ensures the patients’ interests are always put first
When can patient confidentiality be broken?
Purposes of education
When in best interests of public safety
What is the Data Protection Act 1998?
Classifies personal data as confidential
Specifies that:
- Data must be obtained fairly and lawfully and used only for a specific purpose
- Only the minimum data required is obtained and nothing else excessive
- Data must be accurate
- Data must be stored physically and technically secure
In what order is PPE put on?
Apron
Mask
Eye protection
Gloves
In what order is PPE removed?
Gloves
Apron
Mask
Eye protection
What is the symbol for an amalgam filling?
Filled in circle
What is the symbol for a composite filling?
Circle with diagonal lines
What is the symbol for a missing tooth?
Horizontal line
What is the symbol for a full gold crown?
FGC
What is the symbol for a metal ceramic crown?
MCC
What is the symbol for a tooth with fissure sealant?
FS
What is the symbol for a fracture?
Hash/#
What is the symbol for a cavity?
Empty circle
What is the symbol for an extracted tooth?
Cross
What is the symbol for a tooth to be extracted?
Diagonal line from bottom left to upper right
What goes into the clinical waste bag?
All clinical waste (contaminated with blood/saliva/etc.) except sharps
What goes in the domestic waste bag?
Paper (not used for clinical procedures)
What colour is the clinical waste bag?
Orange
What colour is the domestic waste bag?
Black
What goes in the bicycler?
Recyclables
What goes in the sharps bin?
Anything that can pierce a clinical waste bag such as needles, microbrushes, wedges, dappens pots, etc.
Where is the labial surface found?
Anterior six teeth on either the upper and lower arches, closest to lips
What is the symbol for a porcelain veneer?
PV
What is the symbol for a porcelain jacket crown?
PJC
What is the symbol for a tooth with a root filled?
RF
What is the symbol for root canal treatment to be carried out?
RCT
What is the symbol for a crown?
CR
What is the symbol for a porcelain bounded crown?
PBC
What is the symbol for an artificial tooth present?
A
What is the symbol for a tooth rotated distally?
Curved arrow from mesial to distal
What is the symbol for a tooth rotated mesially?
Curved arrow from distal to mesial
What is the symbol for a cervical cavity?
Half circle on edge of tooth
What is the symbol for an instanding tooth?
Arrow from middle to palatial/lingual surface
What is the symbol for an implant?
IMP
What is the symbol for a missing tooth with space closed?
Two horizontal arrows from sides to middle
What is the symbol for a porcelain inlay?
Circle with vertical lines and PI
What is the symbol for an outstanding tooth?
Arrow from middle to labial/buccal surface
What is the symbol for retained roots?
+
What is the symbol for a restoration to be replaced?
Circle with a filled-in circle inside
What is the symbol for a preventative resin restoration?
PRR
What is the symbol for a tooth that has drifted distally?
Horizontal arrow from mesial surface to centre
What is the symbol for a tooth that has drifted mesially?
Horizontal arrow from distal surface to centre
What is the symbol for a bridge abutment?
BA
What is the symbol for a bridge pontic?
Horizontal line with BP
What is the symbol for a temporary dressing?
Circle with vertical lines and TEMP
What is the symbol for a gold inlay?
Circle with vertical lines and GI
What is the symbol for a partially erupted tooth?
PE
