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Theoretical Optics > general T.O topics > Flashcards

general T.O topics Flashcards

1
Q

Latin word for optics

A

OPTIKES

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2
Q

a branch of science concerned with the study of light and vision

A

optics

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3
Q
  • branch of optics that deals with the study of light in terms or ray.
  • formation of images by light raysand includes the study of influence of plane and spherical mirrors, plane and spherical refractors, thin and thick lenses.
    • prisms and optical system upon light
A

Geometrical optics

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4
Q

branch of optics that deals with the study of light in a form of waves

A

Physical optics

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5
Q

branch of optics that deals with the interaction of light with atomic entities of matter

A

Quantum optics

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6
Q

light is a form of?

A

radiant energy

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7
Q

speed of light in miles

A

186,000 miles/sec

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8
Q

speed of light in km

A

300,000 km/sec

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9
Q

objects or bodies that are capable of emitting their own light either naturally or artificially

A

Sources of light

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10
Q

a source of light that is either infinitely small

A

Point source

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11
Q

a light source that has measurable area consists of infinite number of point sources

A

Extended source

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12
Q

4 theories of light

A
  1. Emission/corpuscula theory
  2. Wave or Undulatory theory
  3. Electro magnetic theory
  4. Quantum theory
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13
Q
  • theory in which rays of light as streams of very small particles emitted from a source of light and travelling in straight lines
  • light is composed of minute particles of matter called corpuscle whose impact in the retina will give rise to the sensation of light
A

Emission/corpuscula theory

by Isaac Newton

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14
Q

theory that says light is a wave motion, spreading out from a light source in all directions and propagating through an all-pervasive elastic medium called ether invisible and weightless substance

A

Wave or Undulatory theory

by Christian Huygens

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15
Q

distance traveled forward by light as it goes through one complete vibration

A

Wavelength

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16
Q
  • number of vibration in a given wavelength in one second.
A

Frequency

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17
Q

term wherein the speed at which light travels

A

Velocity

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18
Q
  • theory that says for the speed of light, suggesting its electromagnetic character.
  • light viewed as a particular region of the electromagnetic spectrum of radiation
A

Electro magnetic theory

by James Maxwell

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19
Q

able to derive the correct black body radiation spectrum only by making assumptions that atoms emit light in discrete energy pockets rather than in continuous manner

A

Max Planck Quantum theory

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20
Q

extended the quantum theory to light, and considered that radiant energy consists of discrete units of energy, called quanta, or photons, the energy of which remains concentrated as they travel through space

A

Einstein Quantum theory

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21
Q

an elemental unit of energy

A

quantum

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22
Q

a unit of intensity of light on the retina, equal to the illumination received per square millimeter of pupillary area from a brightness of one candle per square meter

A

Photon

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23
Q

path of single corpuscle of light from a single point on a light source

A

RAY

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24
Q

collection of divergent, convergent or parallel rays

A

Pencil of Light

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25
Q

rays emitted by a source at an infinite position

A

Parallel Pencil

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26
Q

rays leaving a point on a source that travel away from each other and do not cross at any point

A

Divergent pencil

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27
Q

rays that are aimed toward a single point on an image or object

A

Convergent pencil

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28
Q

is a collection of divergent, convergent or parallel pencils arising from an EXTENDED SOURCE

A

Beam of light

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29
Q

The divergence or convergence of a pencil and the curvature of the wave front at a given aperture decrease as the distance from the aperture of the luminous point or of the focus is increased

A

VERGENCE OF LIGHT

30
Q

what is the unit of vergence

31
Q

the bouncing back of light

A

Reflection

32
Q

bending of light, light is transmitted undergoing changes in direction and velocity

A

Refraction

33
Q

transformation of light into some other form of energy

A

Absorption

34
Q

decomposition of light into its constituent elements by refraction through a medium whose surfaces are not parallel (prism)

A

Dispersion

35
Q
  • slight bending of light around corners
  • decomposition of light into its constituent elements through a HARD, SHARP OBJECTS
A

Diffraction

36
Q

the process of restricting the vibration directions of the electromagnetic wave to only one direction

A

Polarization

37
Q

Phenomenas of light

A
  1. reflection
  2. refraction
  3. absorption
  4. dispersion
  5. diffraction
  6. polarization
38
Q

most common method of polarization

A

Polaroid Filter

39
Q

made of special material which is capable of blocking one of the two planes of vibration of an electromagnetic wave

A

Polaroid Filters

40
Q

a medium or body is said to be transparent when light passes through it freely, with minimum absorption and reflection, such as clear glass

A

Transparent medium

41
Q

a medium or boy is said to be translucent when it transmit only a portion of the light, such as frosted glass. Much of the light incident on it is reflected, scattered or absorbed that the object cannot be seen clearly through it

A

Translucent medium

42
Q

a medium is said to be opaque when all the rays of light incident on it are either absorbed or reflected that none traverse it

A

Opaque medium

43
Q

shorter wavelength than violet are known as?

A

Ultraviolet radiation or Actinic part

44
Q

longer wavelengths than red are known as?

A

infra-red or thermal radiation

45
Q

states that for radiation to have effect on a substance through which it travels, it must be absorbed by the substance

A

Draper’s Law

46
Q

a heating effect, brought about by the absorption of radiant energy by the molecule, raising the molecule from the resting state to an excited state

A

Thermal effect

47
Q

when radiant energy is absorbed, the molecule that absorbs it may decompose or chemically react to produce a unique chemical product

A

Photochemical Effect

48
Q

phenomenon in which radiant energy of one wavelength is absorbed and radiant energy of the different wavelength(usually longer)

A

Photoluminescence or Fluorescence

49
Q

Exposure to rays in this region for 30 minutes to 24 hrs can cause photochemical damage to the CORNEAL EPITHELIUM.

A

Short ultraviolet 14nm to 310 nm

50
Q

damage to cornea caused by exposure to short ultraviolet

A

Photo-ophthalmiaor / Photokeratitis / Photoconjunctivitis

51
Q

sources of short ultraviolet radiation

A
  • sunlight at high altitudes
  • reflections from snow, sand and water
  • mercury vapor lamps
  • Electric wielding
  • ultraviolet lamps
52
Q

a portion of this region is absorbed by, and produce temporary fluorescence in the crystalline lens, without however, causing permanent damage

A

Long ultraviolet 310 nm to 780 nm

53
Q

radiation in this region is absorbed in the rods and cones and results in the perception of light.

A

Visible light 390nm to 780 nm

54
Q

wavelength of red

A

650 nm to 780 nm

55
Q

wavelength of orange

A

592 nm to 650 nm

56
Q

wavelength of yellow

A

560 nm to 592 nm

57
Q

wavelength of green

A

500 nm to 560 nm

58
Q

wavelength of blue

A

446 nm to 500 nm

59
Q

wavelength of violet

A

390 nm to 446 nm

60
Q

wavelength of short ultraviolet

A

14 nm to 310 nm

61
Q

wavelength of long ultraviolet

A

310 nm to 780 nm

62
Q

wavelength of short infrared

A

780 nm to 1,500 nm

63
Q

wavelength of Long infrared

A

1,500 nm and Up

64
Q

lesion of short infrared on the cornea

A

coagulation, leading to opacification

65
Q

lesion of short infrared on the iris

A
  • congestion
  • depigmentation
  • Atrophy (due to the absorption of infra-red by the iris pigment)
66
Q

lesion of short infrared on the lens

A
  • exfoliation of the lens capsule
  • coagulation of protein
  • production of Cataract
67
Q

lesion of short infrared on the retina

A

Necrotic Burn

68
Q

these radiation are absorbed by the cornea and if the eye is exposed to their direct action for LONG periods of time, mild cases of conjunctivitis will result

A

Long infrared

69
Q

a special source of light of only one pure color (or wavelength).

70
Q

laser that can be used to send and pick up information

A

Low-power laser systems

Theoretical Optics (5 decks)

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