General Terms Flashcards
Sensitivity
IDs proportion of people who tests + for dz in a group of people known to have dz, or true + compared w/ total # of people w/ dz. “SnNout”- when Sensitivity of test is high, Negative result rules OUT dz/ condition.
Sensitivity = (True + observations)/(total persons w/ disease = true positives + false negatives) x 100
Specificity
IDs proportion of peoplie who test - in a group of people known to be w/o a given dz/ condition, or proportion of ppl who are true negatives compared w/ total # w/o dz. “SpPin”- when SPecificity is high, a Positive test result rules IN target d/o.
Specificity = (true - observations)/ (total persons w/o dz = true negative + false positives) x 100
Positive predictive value
Probability of dz in a patient w/ a + (abnormal) test, or proportion of true + out of total positive observations.
+ predictive value = (true + observations)/ (total + observations = true positives + false positives) x 100.
When prevalence of a condition = low, positive predictive value of test will fall. When prevalence, sensitivity, & specificity = high, + predictive value = high.
Negative predictive value
Probability of not having condition/ dz when test is - (or normal), or proportion of “true negatives” out of total negative observations.
Negative predictive value = (true - observations)/ (total - observations = true negatives + false negatives) x 100.
When prevalence, sensitivity, and specificity are high, negative predictive value approaches zero.
1 alcoholic drink
12 oz beer = 5 oz wine = 1.5 oz spirits
Stages of grief
Denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression or sadness, and acceptance. These stages may occur sequentially or overlap in any order or combination.
Principalism
Body of ethics that includes some of the traditional and still fundamental principles/rules of conduct embedded in the healing professions. Include the building blocks of professional ethics in patient care: nonmaleficence or primum non nocere, beneficence, autonomy, confidentiality.
