General terms Flashcards
name the five families
Monera Animalia Plantea Fungi Protista
Name the 3 domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eucarya
anaerobic
neither oxygen or pyruvate is final electron acceptor.
sulfate or nitrate is used instead
aerobic respiration
requires oxygen to generate ATP
more efficient than anaerobic
pathway: glycolosis, Krebs cycle, oxidative phosphorylation
Who was the first to identify microorganisms ?
Van Leeuwenhoek, wee animucles
Who was needham and what did he do?
Believed in spontaneous generation, chicken soup experiments
What did Koch do?
1880 s. came up with many of modern microbiology techniques used today. Identified causes of disease, anthrax and tb
What are Koch s postulates?
Must be found in all cases of disease and absent in healthy organisms.
Can be prepared and maintained in pure culture
Must be capable of producing the original infection after several generations in culture
Must be retrievable from an inoculated animal and cultured again
When was the golden age of microbiology and who were the major players?
Late 1800’s. Pasteur, Koch and Cohn
Who debunked spontaneous generation irrefutably and proposed germ theory?
Pasteur
What is attenuation and who discovered it?
Pasteur. Over time cultures don’t produce toxins anymore and can be used as a vaccine- developed anthrax and rabies vaccinations. 1880
Who is Carl woes and what did he do?
Created 3 domain system based on morphology and 16s rRNA and 18s rRNA ribosomal RNA
What are the differences between bacteria and archeae?
Cell walls- bacteria has peptidoglycan with ester bonds, archaea have psuedopeptidoglycan with ether bonds
Membranes- neither have the same lipids and archaea have isoprene.
Ribosomes- archaea s ribosomes are more similar to eukaryotes with 3 RNA polymerase s while bacteria have only 1 RNA polymerase
Environment- archaea can live extremely harsh environments
