General Terms

Question 1

Double stranded DNA molecules with associated proteins are called what?

Answer 1

Chromosomes

Question 2

What shape are human chromosomes?

Answer 2

Linear

Question 3

Non-sex chromosomes are also called what?

Answer 3

autosomes

Question 4

What pairs of chromosomes are autosomes?

Answer 4

Pairs 1-22

Question 5

Discrete regions of DNA on a chromosome are called what?

Answer 5

Genes

Question 6

What are the basic units of heredity?

Answer 6

Genes

Question 7

Physical locations occupied by a gene/genes on a chromosome are called what?

Answer 7

Locus/ loci

Question 8

Different variations of the same genes are called what?

Answer 8

alleles

Question 9

These type of cells have one set of chromosomes; normally have one allele for each gene.

Answer 9

Haploid

Question 10

These type of cells have two sets of chromosome; normally have two alleles for each gene.

Answer 10

Diploid

Question 11

A combination of alleles an individual possesses is called a what?

Answer 11

Genotype

Question 12

An individual possessing two identical alleles for a particular gene is referred to as _____.

Answer 12

homozygous

Question 13

An individual possessing two different alleles for a particular gene is referred to as _____.

Answer 13

heterozygous

Question 14

An outward manifestation of a genotype is called a what? (Ex. hair color, eye color, blood type)

Answer 14

Phenotype

Question 15

Most common “normal” phenotype in a population is called a what? (Ex. red eyes in fruit flies)

Answer 15

Wild type

Question 16

This type of allele encodes fully functional proteins

Answer 16

Dominant

Question 17

How many copies of a dominant allele is required to determine a phenotype?

Answer 17

1 copy

Question 18

Dominant alleles are usually represented by ____ letters.

Answer 18

Capital

Question 19

This type of allele encodes non-functional proteins

Answer 19

Recessive

Question 20

How many copies of a recessive allele are required to determine a phenotype?

Answer 20

2 copies

Question 21

Recessive alleles are usually represented by ___ letters.

Answer 21

lowercase