Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anaesthesia > General/Systemic Anaesthetics > Flashcards

General/Systemic Anaesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Name 4 commonly used IV rapidly acting induction agents.

A

Propofol
Etomidate
Ketamine
Thiopental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 3 slow acting IV induction agents in anesthesia.

A

Benzodiazepine
Opioids in larger doses
Neuroleptic anaesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

List 5 advantages of IV induction

A

Rapid action
Low side effects
Pollution free
More pleasant and acceptable by patients
Smooth induction with rapid transfer through the classic stages of anaesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List 4 disadvantages of IV induction

A

Requires IV access
More easy to overdose
No removal by the lungs
Sudden loss of normal protective reflexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Name how IV induction agents are removed from the body

A

Metabolised by the liver and excreted by the kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Name 2 receptors commonly targeted by most sedative hypnotics,

A

GABAa receptors(mostly) and glutamate receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

List 4 determinants of arm brain circulation time.

A

Speed of injection
Lipid solubility
Protein binding
Blood flow in the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name one determinant of recovery of IV anesthetics

A

Redistribution from vessel rich to vessel poor orga

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a factor that determines the time in which a patient takes to wake up after an IV anesthetic administration.

A

Redistribution

Note: NOT METABOLISM OR EXCRETION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How long should a person wait to drive or perform heavy duties after IV anesthesia.

A

At least 48-72 hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List 5 Components of an ideal IV induction agent

A

Rapid action/onset
Inexpensive
Rapid recovery
Minimal side effects
No pain when injecting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is unique about ketamine as compared to other true induction agents.

A

It is a potent analgesia and bronchodilator. It is also have sympathomimetic activity

Consider a dissociative anesthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the international colour for all true IV induction agents

A

Yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the international colour coding for IV sedatives.

A

Orange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Should more or less IV induction be given to o children?

A

More for children and less for the elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name a drug that should be added to reduce pain when administering propofol.

A

IV lidocaine 10-20 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name a commonly used benzodiazepine for sedation.

A

Midazolam: It is a hypnotic, sedative and anticonvulsant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

On which receptor does Ketamine act?

A

N methyl D aspartate receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Name four IV induction agents that work on GABA receptors.

A

Etomidate (Non Barbiturate)
Thiopental (Barbiturate)
Propofol (Benzene)
Midazolam (Benzodiazepine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Are benzodiazepine induction agents?

A

No they are IV sedatives.They do not induce full anaesthesia but mild sedation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Name 2 first ever produced volatile anaesthetic.

A

Ether and chloroform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Name the first modern non flammable volatile anaesthetic.

A

Halothane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Is nitric oxide considered a halogenated hydrocarbon?

A

Nope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Can the volatiles be used at room temperature without a special vaporiser?
No, they need it for delivery into the patient's inspired gas mixture
26
State how inhalation anaesthetic are different from each other physically in the hospital. 3
Colour of the bottles and valporiser Colour and key filler system Anaesthetic back to back lock
27
Name three factors that affect/influence the speed of induction by volatiles.
Delivery of the agent to the lungs Uptake of agents from lungs to bloodstream Uptake of agents from bloodstream other tissues other than the brain
28
What governs the partial pressure of anesthetics in tissues?
Alveolar partial pressure
29
What is the major route of removal of volatiles?
Lungs or alveolar ventilation
30
How much percentage of halothane will be metabolised by the liver?
20%
31
How much percentage of the following will be metabolised by the liver: a. Enflurane b. Isoflurane c. Sevoflurane d. Desflurane
a. 2% b. 0.2% c. 3-4% d. 0.02%
32
Name one complication of halothane container CF3.
Halothane hepatitis
33
Name one complication of sevoflurane.
Renal impairment: it contains compound A
34
Name a life threatening complication of enflurane and methoxyflurane.
Renal failure
35
Name four factors that increases the minimal alveolar concentration.
Alcoholism Children Thyrotoxicosis Hyperthermia
36
Name 6 things that decrease the minimum alveolar concentration.
Sedatives Analgesia Nitric oxide Hypotension Hypothermia Myxoedema Others include elderly, hypoxia and anemia and pregnancy
37
Does anemia, pregnancy and hypoxia increase or decrease the minimum alveolar concentration?
Decrease
38
What does the minimum alveolar concentration tells us about?
The potency of the volatiles
39
Outline the stages of anaesthesia
1. Analgesia 2. Excitement 3. Surgical anaesthesia 4. Overdose
40
Is recovery slow for soluble or insoluble inhalation agents?
Soluble agents such as halothane and faster for insoluble agents like desflurane and sevoflurane
41
42
43
List 5 factors that influence the speed of induction by inhalation agents.
Delivery to the lungs: The higher the concentration the faster the induction Alveolar ventilation: High alveolar ventilation=faster induction Solubility: High solubility=slow induction Cardiac output: High CO=slow induction Delivery to the tissues: Depends on tissue solubility, blood flow and concentration gradient
44
Which organs have the highest uptake of inhalation agents,
Vessel rich organs including the heart, brain, lungs, kidney and liver
45
Name two organs that receive the inhalation agent last.
Fat Bones Note: They are poor in vessels
46
Is halothane water soluble?
Yes, that is why 20% of it is metabolised by the liver and it has many side effects
47
Is halothane more potent than desflurane?
Yes it has a low minimum alveolar concentration.
48
49
What is the minimum alveolar concentration of nitrous oxide? And what does it entail?
105%: Poor anaesthetic which requires more drug to reach the same effect as other agents
50
Is nitrous oxide a potent analgesia?
Yes but poor anaesthetic agent. Note: it is called a laughing gas or Entonox
51
List 6 Adverse effects of nitrous oxide
Post op nausea and vomiting Bone marrow suppression Hypoxic mixture Increases volume and pressure in air filled body cavities Negatively inotropic Augment respiratory depression of other drugs
52
Is it advisable to use nitrous oxide as a carrier gas in paediatrics?
Yes, it makes induction rapid and pleasant
53
Why should high concentration of oxygen when switching off an anaesthetic with Nitrous oxide?
It leads to diffuse hypoxia by diffusing into the blood more quicker than nitrogen gas thus reducing the alveolar partial pressure of Oxygen
54
Is halothane an ether?
Nope
55
State why halothane should be stored in amber bottles?
It can decompose in light
56
Name the oldest colourless anaesthetic agent that is still used for gas induction.
Halothane Note: It is non irritant and has a pleasant smell.
57
What is the MAC of halothane?
0.75%
58
Is halothane a potent anesthetic or analgesia?
Potent anaesthetic
59
What is the Mac of Isoflurane?
1.14%
60
Name an anaesthetic gas ideal for neurosurgery.
Isoflurane
61
What is the best anaesthetic gas for gas induction?
Sevoflurane
62
Is Sevoflurane more soluble than halothane? What is the advantage of that.
Nope, that is why it has a rapid onset and offset
63
Is Sevoflurane safe to use in people with cardiovascular disease?
Yes, it is relatively safe but expensive
64
What is the MAC of sevoflurane and desflurane?
Sevoflurane: 2% Desflurane: 6%
65
Why is desflurane not suitable for gas induction though it has the most rapid induction and emergence that all anaesthetic gases?
It is very irritant and has a strong smell
66
Name the emergency side effect of desflurane.
Delirium
67
Does desflurane have low or high blood gas solubility?
Low
68
Why does desflurane need a special vaporiser?
Its boiling point is very close to room temperature
69
Name the emergency adverse effect of all volatiles.
Malignant hyperthermia
70
Name a muscle relaxant that triggers malignant hyperthermia.
Suxamethonium
71
What is the earliest and most reliable sign of malignant hyperthermia?
Increasing end tidal CO2 levels Note: Hyperthermia is a late sign
72
State the treatment of , malignant Hyperthermia
Dantrolene IV.
73
State the ABG finding of malignant hyperthermia.
Mixed metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis
74

Anaesthesia (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions