General Surgery Flashcards
What medical conditions can predispose you to gallstones? (3)
Crohn’s, Diabetes, NAFLD
Which medication can predispose you to gallstones? (4)
Somatostatin analogues (used to treat carcinoid tumours)
GLP-1 analogues (e.g. exenatide)
Ceftriaxone
HRT
Which pain relief is suitable for severe pain caused by gallstones? (2)
IM diclofenac or opioids if diclofenac not appropriate
What score is used to assess the severity of acute pancreatitis?
What should you do if the score is >1?
Glasgow-Imrie
Consider ICU intervention/review
What is included in the score for assessing severity of acute pancreatitis?
PaO2 <7.9 Age >55 Neutrophils (WCC >15) Calcium <2 R - uRea >16 Enzymes (LDH > 600 or AST/ALT >200) Albumin <32 Sugar (glucose >10)
What are the local complications of acute pancreatitis? (6)
Pancreatic necrosis +/- infection
Pseudocysts
Pancreatic abscess
Fistulae (NB can extend into heart and cause pericardial effusion or into abdomen and cause ascites)
Vascular complications e.g. erosions, portal hypertension
Chronic pancreatitis
What are the systemic complications of acute pancreatitis? (5)
Sepsis DIC Renal failure Multiple organ dysfunction Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Which medication used for hypertension can cause acute or chronic pancreatitis?
Thiazide diuretics
What should you screen for annually in those with chronic pancreatitis? (2)
Diabetes
Osteoporosis (if malabsorption)
What are the complications of diverticulitis? (5)
Perforation Haemorrhage Fistula Abscess Obstruction
Between what ages are people offered a FIT test in the UK?
How often is the test sent out?
60-74 years
Every 2 years
What is included in the Duke’s classification?
A: mucosa and superficial muscle wall
B: through muscle wall
C: lymph node involvement
D: metastatic disease
What are the 3 complications of hernias?
Incarceration
Strangulation
Obstruction
