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PA531 Patient Evaluation > General/Skin/Abdominal Exam > Flashcards

General/Skin/Abdominal Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Signs of Pain (5)

A
  1. grimacing
  2. diaphoretic
  3. guarding
  4. crying
  5. moaning
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2
Q

Signs of Cardiopulmonary Insufficiency (4)

A
  1. labored breathing
  2. wheezing
  3. coughing
  4. cyanotic
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3
Q

Signs of Anxiety/Depression (4)

A
  1. facial expressions
  2. fidgeting
  3. crying
  4. sighing
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4
Q

Stature and Build (4)

A
  1. Build
  2. general body proportions
  3. symmetry of body features
  4. posture
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5
Q

Marfan Syndrome is at higher risk for what?

A

Aortic Aneurysm

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6
Q

What does tripoding mean?

A

Hands on knees for support - usually associated with labored breathing

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7
Q

Body Movements and Mobility (4)

A
  1. restless/quiet
  2. involuntary movements
  3. immobile body parts
  4. gait
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8
Q

Manner and Mood (5)

A
  1. paranoia
  2. mania
  3. schizophrenia
  4. dementia
  5. depression
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9
Q

Mental Alertness, Orientation, Awareness (6)

A
  1. awake and alert
  2. understand and answer questions
  3. respond in a timely manner
  4. focused
  5. patient falling asleep
  6. lethargic
    obtunded - opened eyes with slow confused responses
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10
Q

Alert and Oriented x3

A

time, place, and person
Must ask before you can document

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11
Q

Speech patterns (7)

A
  1. quality
  2. rate
  3. volume
  4. articulation
  5. fluency
  6. staccato
  7. flight of ideas/pressured
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12
Q

Rashes -clues to history (6)

A
  1. how, when, where
  2. progression
  3. other symptoms/illnesses
  4. exposures
  5. prior occurrence
  6. exposures to others with same symptoms
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13
Q

Allergic Rashes are…

A

almost always itchy

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14
Q

Skin lesions are…

A

usually painful

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15
Q

Skin Inspection (5)

A
  1. color
  2. uniformity
  3. thickness
  4. symmetry
  5. hygiene
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16
Q

***Cherry red appearance could indicate what???

A

***CO Poisoning

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17
Q

Skin Palpation (5)

A
  1. moist
  2. temperature
  3. texture
  4. turgor
  5. mobility
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18
Q

Where to check for turgor

A

Adults: back of hand
Children: abdomen

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19
Q

Eczema distribution

A

flexor surfaces

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20
Q

Scabies distribution

A

interdigital

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21
Q

pityriasis rosea

A

salmon colored rash in christmas tree shape with Herald patch in the middle

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22
Q

Signs of measles

A

Koplik spots. Rash starts at head/neck and spreads distally

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23
Q

Evaluating a melanoma

A

Asymmetry
Border irregularity
color
diameter
elevation/depression
evolution of shape/size

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24
Q

anular

A

ring with clear center

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25
Q

arciform

A

not a complete circle

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26
Q

discoid

A

scattered

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27
Q

linear

A

in a line

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28
Q

serpiginous

A

serpent like

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29
Q

polycyclic

A

many red circles grouped together

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30
Q

reticular

A

vascular pattern

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31
Q

target

A

ring with red center

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32
Q

stellate

A

look like the cosmos

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33
Q

cluster

A

small dots clustered together

34
Q

morbilliform

A

bright red spread that may not be consistent in size.

35
Q

Primary lesions

A

develop from previously normal skin

36
Q

flat non-palpable lesions with change in skin color (2)

A
  1. macule less than 1 cm in sz
  2. Cafe-au-lait greater than 1 cm in sz
37
Q

neurofibromatosis signs (2)

A
  1. 6 or more Cafe-au-Lait spots
  2. axillary freckling
38
Q

solid bumps (6)

A
  1. papule
  2. nodule
  3. cyst
  4. wheal
  5. plaque
  6. tumor
39
Q

Papule

A

elevated, firm, less than 1 cm. ex warts

40
Q

Dermatofibroma

A

papule that occurs on the lower extremities of females
-benign

41
Q

nodule

A

elevated, firm, circular lesion
-DEEPER in dermis than a papule
- 1-2 cm
ex. lipomas

42
Q

cysts

A

elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated, lesion
-in dermis or subcue layer
-FILLED W/ Liquid or SEMI-SOLID material
ex. cystic acne

43
Q

Wheals

A

elevated, irregular-shape of cutaneous edema
-variable size
-solid, transient (go away fast)
ex- insect bites

44
Q

Plaque

A

elevated, firm, rough with flat top surface
-GREATER THAN 1 cm
ex. psoriasis

45
Q

Palpable elevations filled with fluid (4)

A
  1. vesicle
  2. bulla
  3. pustule
  4. burrow
46
Q

Vesicle

A

elevated, circumscribed, superficial lesion
-FILLED WITH SEROUS FLUID
-NOT IN THE DERMIS
LESS THAN 1 cm
ex. chickenpox, shingles

47
Q

Bulla

A

greater than 1 cm
ex. blister, burns

48
Q

pustule

A

SIMILAR TO VESICLE BUT FILLED WITH PURULENT FLUID
ex. acne

49
Q

Burrow

A

tunnel
ex scabies

50
Q

secondary lesions

A

changes in primary lesion from over treatment, scratching, or infection

51
Q

Types of Secondary Lesions (9)

A
  1. scale
  2. crust
  3. lichenification
  4. scars
  5. keloid
  6. erosion
  7. excoriations
  8. fissure
  9. ulcer
52
Q

scale

A

keratinized cells that flake off

53
Q

crust

A

dry serum, blood or purulent exudate
-slightly elevated
ex. impetigo

54
Q

lichenification

A

ROUGH THICKENED EPIDERMIS
ex. chronic dermatitis

55
Q

scars

A

thick fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin

56
Q

keloids

A

irregular elevated, progressively enlarging scar

57
Q

erosions

A

NON SCARRING SHALLOW DEFECT IN SKIN.
- EPIDERMIS IS LOST DUE TO PRESSURE OR FRICTION

58
Q

excoriations

A

loss of epidermis due to scratching

59
Q

fissure

A

LINEAR CRACK/BREAK from the epidermis to dermis

60
Q

ulcer

A

Loss of epidermis and dermis

61
Q

Atrophy

A

THINNING of the SKIN
ex. aged skin or striae

62
Q

Atrophy

A

THINNING of the SKIN
ex. aged skin or striae

63
Q

Psoriasis signs (4)

A
  1. scales
  2. plaques
  3. inflammation
  4. lichenification
64
Q

Blanching lesions

A

due to vascular dilation
ex. allergic reaction, hives

65
Q

Non-blanching lesions

A

extra-vascular (blood outside of vessel)
ex. purpura, nevus

66
Q

diascopy

A

how to test blanching

67
Q

Petechia

A

flat, 1-3 mm diameter

68
Q

Purpura

A

flat OR palpable greater than 3 mm less than 10 mm

69
Q

Ecchymosis

A

bruise - at largest purple, blue fading to green, yellow and brown with time

70
Q

spider angioma

A

fire red
radiating legs
if several present - liver issues
-blanching

71
Q

telangectasia

A

superficial veins with blue tent
-blanching

72
Q

cherry angioma

A

little bright red dot.
round, flat, sometimes raised

73
Q

Hemangioma

A

CONGENITAL ANOMALY
-normally regress spontaneously

74
Q

Tumors

A

DEEP IN DERMIS
GREATER THAN 2 cm
elevated and solid

75
Q

Benign Nevus

A

round or oval
well defined border
less than 6 mm in sz
flat or raised

76
Q

*****Actinic Keratosis

A

Precancerous!!!!!

77
Q

***Seborrheic keratosis

A

white/yellow/to brown spots that appear “stuck on”
- benign

78
Q

**Basal cell carcinoma

A

MOST COMMON
SLOW GROWING
RARELY FATAL
more domal shaped

79
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A

MORE AGGRESSIVE
Tends to ULCERATE

80
Q

Melanoma

A

ABCDEE!!!!
can be non-melanomic (no color)

81
Q

Mycosis fugoides

A

cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
premycotic phase -red rash in non-sun exposed areas
patch - thin reddened eczema rash
plaque - small papules that may be reddened
tumor phase - tumors and ulcers may develop

PA531 Patient Evaluation (5 decks)

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