General Science Module 1 Flashcards
science
An endeavor dedicated to the accumulation and classification of observable facts in order to formulate general laws about the natural world.
Imhotep
(eem’ oh tep) Egyptian known for his knowledge of medicine.
Egyptian Medicine
Trial and error
penicillin
a chemical that kills germs that infect wounds
poppy seeds
Contains morphine and codeine…powerful pain relieving drugs.
papyrus
Ancient, Egyptian form of paper, made from a plant of the same name.
Thales, Anazimander & Anazimenes
Thought of as humanity’s first real scientists.
Leucippus
Greek scientist known as the father of atomic theory.
atomic theory
All matter is composed of little units called atoms.
density
how tightly packed matter is.
Aristotle
often called the father of life sciences.
classification
gathering and ordering facts in a systemic way.
spontaneous generation
the idea that living organisms can be spontaneously formed from non-living substances.
Archimedes
Greek scientist who showed how closely math and science are related.
Ptolemy
Greek scientist who studied the heavens.
Geocentric system
Ptolemy’s theory that the planets, moon and sun rotate around the earth. (GEO - Earth CENTRIC - Center)
alchemy
branch of science that explores mixing certain substances together to create a new substance.
chemical reaction
one or more substances interact to form one or more new substances.
constellations
patterns formed by stars.
supernova
explosion of a star.
nebula
cloud of dust and gas.
How does science progress?
By building on the work of previous scientists.
Robert Grosseteste
Roman Catholic bishop believed to be the father of the scientific method.
scientific method
Grosseteste’s idea that a scientist should observe, explain why and then test his ideas.
Nicolaus Copernicus
contradicted Ptolemy’s geocentric theory and proposed the heliocentric theory. (Helio - sun, centric - center)
Galileo Galilei
known for his studies in both motion and confirming heliocentric theory.
Blaise Pascal
discovered and explained atmospheric pressure.
Renaissance
Golden Age of science.
Sir Isaac Newton
Developed 3 laws of motion and proposed that a scientific law was useless if it could not be used to develop a mathematical equation that would describe some aspect of nature.
Robert Boyle
founder of modern chemistry.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
revolutionized science by building the first microscope.
Carolus Linnaeus
tried to classify all living creatures with a classification and naming system we still use today.
Antoine-Laurent
First to discover that matter cannot be destroyed – it can only change forms.
Law of Mass Conservation
theory that states matter cannot be destroyed – it can only change forms.
Charles R. Darwin
wrote a book entitled Origin of the Species which proposed the theory of evolution.
natural selection
that living organisms can adapt to changes in their surroundings.
immutability of the species
the idea that individual species on the planet was specifically created by God and could never fundamentally change.
Louis Pasteur
Destroyed the idea of spontaneous generation and developed pasteurization.
pasteurization
sterilization of foods by killing bacteria with heat.
geology
study of rocks
Gregor Mendel
father of the study of genetics.
genetics
the study of how traits are passed on from parent to offspring.
electomagnetism
that electricity and magnetism are both aspects of the same phenomenon.
James Joule
developed the First Law of Thermodynamics.
First Law of Thermodynamics
Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only change forms.
Max Planck
developed theory that energy must exist in tiny packets called quanta.
quantum mechanics
idea that energy exists and must be applied in tiny packets called quanta.
quanta
tiny packets of energy. (like and atom for energy.)
Albert Einstein
one of the most famous scientists in quantum mechanics.
Neils Bohr
developed a picture of the atom.
Bohr Model
picture of an atom.
special theory of relativity
Einstein’s famous theory that explains how matter is really just another form of energy. E=mc2
general theory of relativity
explanation of how gravity works.
