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Science Proficiency > General Science > Flashcards

General Science Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

systematic study that is concerned with facts, principles, and methods that could be observed in our natural or physical and social environment

A

science

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2
Q

as the application of scientific knowledge to improve life or satisfy needs

A

technology

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3
Q

3 kinds of applied science

A

machines, products & processes

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4
Q

involves using a narrow intense beam of light as scalpel in removing unhealthy cells

A

laser surgery

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5
Q

hazards or negative effects that lead to loss or injury

A

risks

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6
Q

logical method used by scientists to acquire knowledge that is used to explain different phenomena in nature

A

scientific method

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7
Q

a thing observed by the senses? scientifically tested observation?

A

phenomenon - fact

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8
Q

manipulating one of the conditions or factors that may affect the result of the experiment

A

controlled experiment

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9
Q

the factors that are kept constant throughout the experiment

A

controls

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10
Q

the factors that change during the experiment

A

variables

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11
Q

factors that are changed

A

independent or experimental

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12
Q

factors that change as a result of changes in the independent variable

A

dependent

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13
Q

a statement about the result of the experiment

A

conclusion

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14
Q

a statement which describes what happens but does not explain the cause of the occurrence

A

law

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15
Q

hypothesis that can be explained from observations

A

theory

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16
Q

scientific attitudes

A

Curiosity, Logic and System, Open-mindedness, Intellectual Honesty, Hard work and perseverance, Objectivity, Creativity and Critical Thinking

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17
Q

the process of comparing a quantity with a chosen standard

A

measurement

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18
Q

the system of units that scientists have agreed upon and is legally enforced in almost all parts of the world

A

international system (SI)

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19
Q

Length in SI UNIT

A

Meters in Basic Quantity

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20
Q

Mass in SI UNIT

A

Kilograms in Basic Quantity

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21
Q

Time in SI UNIT

A

Seconds in Basic Quantity

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22
Q

Electric Current in SI UNIT

A

Amperes in Basic Quantity

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23
Q

Temperature in SI UNIT

A

Kelvin in Basic Quantity

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24
Q

Amount of Substance in SI UNIT

A

Moles in Basic Quantity

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25
Q

Luminous Intensity in SI UNIT

A

Candelas in Basic Quantity

26
Q

2 factors that affect the degree of accuracy of measurements

A

accuracy and precision

27
Q

defined as anything that occupies space and possesses the attributes of gravity and inertia

A

matter

28
Q

characterized by resistance to any change in shape, caused by a strong attraction between the molecules of which it is composed

A

solid

29
Q

does not resist forces that act to change its shape, because the molecules are free to move with respect to each other

A

liquid

30
Q

state of matter in which molecules are widely dispersed and freely move; it offers no resistance to change of shape and little resistance to change in volume; a gas that is not confined tends to diffuse infinitely, increasing in volume and diminishing its density

A

gas

31
Q

the fourth state of matter consisting of an overall charge-neutral mix of electrons, ions and neutral atoms

A

plasma

32
Q

the temperature at which any given substance changes from solid to liquid and vice versa

A

melting point/freezing point

33
Q

the temperature at which it changes from liquid to gas and vice versa; also defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external pressure surrounding the liquid

A

boiling point

34
Q

a change in matter that involves no chemical reaction; the composition of its molecules remains unchanged, and the substance does not lose its chemical identity; include any alteration in the shape and size of a substance

A

physical change

35
Q

3 types of physical change

A

melting, evaporating and freezing

36
Q

the change from a solid to a gas

A

sublimation

37
Q

the chemical composition of each molecule changes; the properties of the original substance are now lost and new substances with new properties are produced

A

chemical change

38
Q

(a) multiply force (b) multiply speed or distance (c) change the direction of the force (d) transfer energy from one place to another (e) transform energy from one form to another

A

machines

39
Q

mechanical devices that only have one or two parts each

A

simple machines

40
Q

mechanical devices that make use of two or more simple machines

A

compound/complex machines

41
Q

scientists have classified simple machines into six groups

A

inclined plane, lever, screw, wheel and axle, pulley, and wedge

42
Q

a substance is equal to the mass of the material divided by its volume

A

density

43
Q

long-term effect of the sun’s radiation on the rotating earth’s varied surface and atmosphere; weather averaged over a long period of time

A

climate

44
Q

a state of the atmosphere at a particular time and place

A

weather

45
Q

measure of the degree of hotness of the air

A

temperature

46
Q

3 different scales used for measuring temperature - the most common instrument

A

kelvin (absolute) scale, celsius (centigrade) scale and fahrenheit scale - thermometer

47
Q

a measure on the amount of water vapor in the air

A

humidity

48
Q

instruments used in measuring atmospheric humidity - most common measure of humidity

A

hygrometer and psychrometer - relative humidity

49
Q

produced when the droplets and crystals in clouds grow large enough to fall to the ground - measured using an instrument called?

A

precipitation - rain gauge

50
Q

horizontal movement of air

A

wind

51
Q

the instrument used to determine wind direction - and wind speed

A

wind vanes - anenometers

52
Q

excess water vapor in the air that condenses into liquid droplets or ice crystals

A

clouds

53
Q

form from rising masses of air, called thermals; often has a flat base, corresponding to the level at which the water vapor first condenses

A

fluffy cumulus clouds

54
Q

if a cumulus cloud grows large, it transforms into a?

A

cumulonimbus

55
Q

consist of trails of falling ice crystals twisted by the winds; usually form high in the troposphere, and their crystals never reach the ground

A

fibrous cirrus clouds

56
Q

form when an entire layer of air cools or ascends obliquely; often extends for hundreds of miles

A

stratus clouds

57
Q

the force of air on a given surface divided by the area of that surface

A

pressure

58
Q

most common instrument used to measure air pressure

A

barometer

59
Q

only substance known to exist in a natural state as a solid, liquid, or gas on the surface of the earth, a universal solvent

A

water

60
Q

the series of movements of water above, on and below the surface of the earth.

A

hydrologic cycle or water cycle

61
Q

four distinct stages of the water cycle

A

storage, evaporation, precipitation, and runoff

62
Q

the 6 basic steps of scientific method

A

A. Identify and clearly state the problem
B. Gather information pertinent to the problem
C. Formulate hypothesis
D. Test the hypothesis
E. Draw a generalization or conclusion
F. Apply the principle (conclusion) to other situations

Science Proficiency (3 decks)

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