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Biology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

an independent set of explanatory things; the study of living organisms

A

biology

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2
Q

the study of animal life

A

zoology

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3
Q

the study of plant life

A

botany

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4
Q

the study of the relationship of living things to their environment

A

ecology

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5
Q

the study of the formation and development of organisms in their earliest stages of life

A

embryology

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6
Q

the study of structures of the body

A

anatomy

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7
Q

the study of the functions of the body

A

physiology

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8
Q

the study of heredity

A

genetics

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9
Q

the study of the cell

A

cytology

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10
Q

the study of tissues

A

histology

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11
Q

the study of bacteria and/or unicellular plant life

A

bacteriology

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12
Q

the development of techniques in genetic engineering and increased understanding of the molecular basis of cellular processes have led to the emergence of a new and exciting field of scientific research

A

biotechnology

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13
Q

the basic structure of all living things

A

cell

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14
Q

cells that do not have a nuclear membrane or membrane-bound organelles

A

prokaryotes

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15
Q

refer to most cells making up all other living organisms

A

eukaryotes

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16
Q

double layer of lipids that surrounds the cell, thus acting as a “gatekeeper”, controlling what moves into and out of the cell

A

cell membrane

17
Q

separated from the cytoplasm by a thickened membrane that is more selective than the cell membrane; the control center of the cell because it contains all the genetic information

A

nucleus

18
Q

a semi fluid liquid that fills the cell and holds the components of a cell

A

cytoplasm

19
Q

the powerhouse of the cell; the site where energy (ATP) is obtained from food consumed and made available for the use of the cell

A

mitochondria

20
Q

the site of photosynthesis

A

chloroplast

21
Q

store chlorophyll for the use of chloroplasts

A

plastids

22
Q

membrane-bound vacuoles in the cytoplasm, which contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest materials entering the cell; the enzymes are in the vacuoles so that they don’t destroy the cell itself

A

lysosomes

23
Q

does not have ribosomes attached and is the transportation system of the cell

A

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

24
Q

has ribosomes attached and also Carrie’s out cell transportation but mainly of necessary protein materials needed by the cell

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum

25
Q

manufactures, synthesizes, stores, and distributes hormones, enzymes, and other protein materials needed by the individual cell or by the organism

A

golgi apparatus

26
Q

manufacture, store, and secrete oxidation enzymes needed by the cell

A

peroxisomes

27
Q

fluid-filled sacs which usually contain water, proteins, pigments, organic acids, or metabolic wastes; some are active in cell metabolism, while others act as storage containers

A

vacuoles

28
Q

short, cylindrical microtubules which play a role in cell movement by directing the formation of cilia and flagella

A

basal bodies

29
Q

a nonliving, inflexible, outer component of plant cells which supports and protects the cell; the main component is often cellulose

A

cell wall

30
Q

small cylindrical bodies which lie just outside the nucleus in animal cells in a specialized area of cytoplasm; they play a role in cell division and in cell motility

A

centrioles

31
Q

a dark-straining organelle within the nucleus which contains RNA, proteins, and some DNA; it plays a role in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA

A

nucleolus

32
Q

threadlike structures composed mainly of DNA which is arranged in genes; this is the hereditary information of the cell

A

chromosomes

33
Q

a tiny, grainy structure attached to the endoplasmic reticulum; it serves as the protein factory of the cell; contains enzymes to carry out protein synthesis

A

ribosome

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