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Thanatology 2018 > General Review > Flashcards

General Review Flashcards

1
Q

The study of human behavior

A

Psychology

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2
Q

Two units regarded as a pair

A

Dyad

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3
Q

Common traits or patterns found in all cultures of mankind

A

Cultural Universal

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4
Q

An adaptive maneuver characterized by an inability or unwillingness to set with the aim of asserting or sustaining individual control, autonomy, or self-esteem

A

Resistance

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5
Q

A social prohibition of certain actions

A

Taboo

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6
Q

A behavior which dictates that one must abstain from certain acts

A

Taboo

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7
Q

Anything to which socially created meaning is given

A

Symbol

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8
Q

The state or quality of being mobile

A

Mobility

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9
Q

The ability to move from place to place readily, or to move from class to class, either up or down

A

Mobility

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10
Q

An organization, public or private, which endorses the practice of conducting funeral rites without the body of the deceased present

A

Memorial Society

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11
Q

A funeral rite held without the body present

A

Memorial Symptoms

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12
Q

A set of symptoms associated with loss

A

Grief Syndrome - Lindemann

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13
Q

The ability to enter into and share the feelings of others

A

Empathy - Wolfelt

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14
Q

A syndrome characterized by the presence of grief in anticipation of death or loss

A

Anticipatory grief

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15
Q

The actual death comes as a confirmation of knowledge of a life-limiting condition

A

Anticipatory grief

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16
Q

A term to describe the experience of grief, especially in young bereaved parents, where mourning customs are unclear due to an inappropriate death and the absence of prior bereavement experience

A

Anomic Grief

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17
Q

Typical in a society that has attempted to minimize the impact of death through medical control of disease and social control of those who deal with the dying and the dead

A

Anomic grief

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18
Q

Blame directed toward another person

A

Anger

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19
Q

Helping people facilitate uncomplicated grief to a healthy completion of the tasks of grieving within a reasonable time frame

A

Grief Counseling

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20
Q

An emotion or set of emotions due to a loss

A

Grief

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21
Q

Expressing a thought or idea in an alternate and sometimes shortened form

A

Paraphrasing

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22
Q

A strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme fear

A

Panic

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23
Q

Choice of actions provided through counseling as a means of solving the counselee’s dilemma

A

Option

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24
Q

That which is expressed by posture, facial expression, actions, or physical behavior

A

Non-Verbal Communication

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25
Q

Adjustment, motivational in nature, to be achieved

A

Goals

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26
Q

The ability to present one’s self sincerely

A

Genuineness - Wolfelt

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27
Q

The study of human behavior as related to funeral service

A

Funeral Service Psychology

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28
Q

An all inclusive term used to encompass all funerals and/or memorial services

A

Funeral Rite

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29
Q

Historically an inn for travelers, especially one kept by a religious order

A

Hospice

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30
Q

Concept designed to treat patients with a life-limiting condition

A

Hospice

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31
Q

The killing of one human being by another

A

Homicide

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32
Q

Blame directed toward one’s self based on real or unreal conditions

A

Guilt

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33
Q

An organized, flexible, purposeful, group centered, time limited response to death which reflects reverence, dignity, and respect

A

Funeral Rite

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34
Q

Support or support system provided to the counselee who is seeking an alternative adjustment to problems

A

Guidance

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35
Q

The state of being prevented from attaining a purpose; thwarted

A

Frustration

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36
Q

The blocking of satisfaction by some kind of obstacle

A

Frustration

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37
Q

Centering a clients thinking and feelings on the situation causing a problem and assisting the person in choosing the behavior or adjustment to solve the problem

A

Focusing

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38
Q

Strong emotion marked by such reactions as alarm, dread, and disquiet

A

Fear

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39
Q

The defense mechanism by which a person is unable or refuses to see things as they are because such facts are threatening to the self

A

Denial

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40
Q

A learned tendency to respond to people, objects, or institutions in a positive or negative way

A

Attitude

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41
Q

Giving undivided attention by means of verbal and non-verbal behavior

A

Attending - Listening

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42
Q

A choice of services and merchandise as families make a selection and complete funeral arrangements

A

Alternatives

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43
Q

Formulating different actions in adjusting to a crisis

A

Alternatives

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44
Q

The state of estrangement an individual feels in social settings that are viewed as foreign, unpredictable, or unacceptable

A

Alienation

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45
Q

The tendency in human beings to make strong affectional bonds with others coming from the need for security and safety

A

Attachment Theory - Bowlby

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46
Q

Interventions for a highly emotional, temporary state in which individuals overcame by feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion, or pain are unable to act in a realistic normal manner

A

Crisis Counseling

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47
Q

Intentional response which helps an individual in a crisis situation

A

Crisis Counseling

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48
Q

Fear or anxiety caused by the sudden realization of danger

A

Alarm

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49
Q

The intentional infliction of physical or psychological harm on another

A

Aggression

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50
Q

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

A

AIDS

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51
Q

According to client centered counseling, the necessary quality of a counselor being in touch with reality and with others’ perception of one’s self

A

Congruence

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52
Q

Grief extending over a long period of time without resolve

A

Complicated Grief

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53
Q

A general term for the exchange of information, feelings, thoughts, and acts between two or more people, including both verbal and non-verbal aspects of this interchange

A

Communication

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54
Q

A family government where the mother or female possesses power and the right of decision making

A

Matriarchal Family

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55
Q

A must behavior of a people enforced by those elected govern

A

Law

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56
Q

A rule of action prescribed by an authority able to enforce its will

A

Law

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57
Q

The offspring or children of a specific set of parents

A

Issue

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58
Q

The change from individual crafting of products to the manufacturing of goods through mass production

A

Industrialization

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59
Q

To assist understanding of the circumstances of situations an individual is experiencing and to assist that person in the selection of an alternative adjustment if necessary

A

Facilitate

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60
Q

Persons are usually conscious of the relationship of the reaction to the death, but the reaction to the current experience is excessive and disabling

A

Exaggerated Grief - Worden

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61
Q

The study of death

A

Thanatology

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62
Q

A process involving all activities associated with final disposition

A

Funeralization

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63
Q

Sincere feelings for the person who is trying to adjust to a serious loss

A

Sympathy

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64
Q

Two or more people, unrelated by either blood or marriage who are sharing living quarters together

A

Co-Habitants

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65
Q

A grouping of people with similar socioeconomic status

A

Class

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66
Q

A division of a culture, connected to a larger culture by common traits, while having unique traits of its own

A

Subcultures

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67
Q

Any action performed during a rite which may or may not have symbolic meaning to the participants or observers of the action

A

Ceremony (ritual)

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68
Q

Inhibited, suppressed, or postponed response to a loss

A

Delayed Grief - Worden

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69
Q

A governing system characterized by specialization, hierarchy, formal rules, impersonality, and a specialized administrative staff

A

Bureaucratization

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70
Q

A family unit consisting of one male and one female, their children together, and any children from previous marriages

A

Blended Family

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71
Q

Blocking of threatening material from consciousness

A

Repression

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72
Q

Existential statements about the physical and social world

A

Beliefs

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73
Q

A situation in which a person or entity is unknown

A

Anonymity

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74
Q

A household unit consisting of one mother, one father, all their unmarried children, their sons, sons’ wives, and their children

A

Extended (Joint) Family

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75
Q

The belief that one’s own race, nation, group or culture is superior to all others

A

Ethnocentrism

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76
Q

A group of people who are recognized as a distinct group on the basis of such characteristics as language, ancestry, or religion

A

Ethnic

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77
Q

A defense mechanism used in grief to return to more familiar and often more primitive modes of coping

A

Regression

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78
Q

A rite performed with the body present

A

Funeral

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79
Q

Dealing with agriculture; farm based

A

Agrarian

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80
Q

The locale of the extended (joint) family system

A

Agrarian

81
Q

The movement of families away from where they were born

A

Neo-localism

82
Q

Must behavior

A

Mores

83
Q

Rules of behavior which are considered vital to the welfare of the group and accompanied by relatively severe sections

A

Mores

84
Q

Those appropriate and helpful acts of counseling that come after the funeral

A

Aftercare (post-funeral counseling)

85
Q

Behaviors which when violated carry only informal sanctions such as scolding or ridicule

A

Folkways

86
Q

A statement or action which creates anxiety in an individual’s life

A

Threat

87
Q

An irrational, exaggerated fear of death

A

Thanatophobia

88
Q

A learned emotional response to death-related phenomena which is characterized by extreme apprehension

A

Death Anxiety

89
Q

The emotional attitude that recognizes other cultures as equivalent and pertinent

A

Cultural Relativism

90
Q

The reduction of a dead human remains to its essential inorganic elements by use of fire

A

Cremation

91
Q

Feelings and their expression

A

Affect

92
Q

The individual’s ability to adjust to the psychological and emotional changes brought on by a stressful event such as the death of a significant other

A

Adaptation

93
Q

Living or happening in the same period

A

Contemporary

94
Q

Behavioral patterns which are observable by others

A

Overt Conduct

95
Q

A highly emotional temporary state in which an individuals feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion, or pain impair his or her ability to act

A

Crisis

96
Q

The individual providing assistance and guidance

A

Counselor

97
Q

A rite adjusted to the needs of the family or the trends of the time

A

Adaptive Funeral Rite

98
Q

A process by which a person learns the norms of his culture by observation of others in his or her society

A

Indirect Learning

99
Q

The intense physical and emotional expression of grief occurring as the awareness increases of a loss of someone or something significant

A

Acute Grief

100
Q

Grief extending over a long period of time without resolution

A

Abnormal Grief

101
Q

The study of social groups, their modes of organization, the process which tend to maintain or change these forms, and the relationships between the groups

A

Sociology

102
Q

A group of persons forming a single community with some interests in common

A

Society

103
Q

The categorization of people according to their attainment or lack of attainment of finances or social status

A

Social Stratification

104
Q

Making judgments about ourselves through comparison with others

A

Social Comparison

105
Q

Related to specific situations in life that may create crises and produce human pain and suffering

A

Situational Counseling

106
Q

Adds another dimension to the giving of information in that it deals with significant feelings that are produced by life crises

A

Situational Counseling

107
Q

Any disposition of a dead human body, either by means of burial or cremation, with no form of funeral rite at the time of disposition

A

Immediate Disposition

108
Q

A funeral rite that is in essence devoid of religious connotation

A

Humanistic Funeral Rite

109
Q

An act or practice of allowing the death of persons suffering from a life limiting condition

A

Euthanasia (Right to Die)

110
Q

A family unit that is made up of a married man and woman and their children

A

Nuclear Family

111
Q

The reaction of the body to an event

A

Shock

112
Q

Often experienced emotionally as a sudden, violent, and upsetting disturbance

A

Shock

113
Q

The assumption of blame directed toward one’s self by others

A

Shame

114
Q

Those funeral rites which deviate from the normal or prescribed circumstances of established customs

A

Non-traditional Funeral Rite

115
Q

The outward expression or display of mood or feeling states

A

Emotional Expression

116
Q

Preoccupied and intense thoughts about the deceased

A

Searching

117
Q

Any act that is charged with symbolic content

A

Ritual

118
Q

A compelling need by which the individual attempts to restore inner psychological equilibrium, uniting past, present, and future in the cycle from loss and the fear of loss to acceptance

A

Restitution

119
Q

A form of family government where the father, or male, possesses the power and right of decision making

A

Patriarchal Family

120
Q

Counseling in which a counselor shares a body of special information with a counselee

A

Informational Counseling

121
Q

A relatively stable system of determining tendencies within an individual

A

Personality

122
Q

A deliberate attempt to change attitudes of belief with information and arguments

A

Persuasion

123
Q

Accepting the client or counselee as he or she is, without imposing judgments or stipulations

A

Positive Regard - Carl Rogers

124
Q

Negative attitude towards others based on their gender, religion, race, or membership in a particular group

A

Prejudice

125
Q

Spoken, oral communication

A

Verbal Communication

126
Q

Any event capable of producing physical or emotional stress

A

Stressor

127
Q

Any time someone helps someone else with a problem

A

Counseling - Jackson

128
Q

Feelings such as happiness, anger, grief, created by brain patterns accompanied by bodily changes

A

Emotions

129
Q

Guilt felt by family and friends after death

A

Survivor Guilt

130
Q

Good communication within and between people

A

Counseling - Rogers

131
Q

Good, free communication between people people is always therapeutic

A

Counseling - Rogers

132
Q

A therapeutic experience for reasonable healthy persons

A

Counseling - Ohlsen

133
Q

Occurs when persons experience symptoms and behaviors which cause them difficulty, but do not see or recognize the fact that these are related to the loss

A

Masked Grief - Worden

134
Q

The rite of finality in a funeral service preceding cremation, earth burial, entombment, or burial at sea

A

Committal Service

135
Q

The study of death, derived from the name Thanatos, Greek god of death

A

Thanatology

136
Q

The acquiring of the culture by a person through deliberate instruction by other members of that society

A

Direct Learning

137
Q

A relation of harmony, conformity, accord, or affinity established in any human interaction

A

Rapport

138
Q

The belief that the created is reunited with the creator at death

A

Doctrine of Atonement

139
Q

Supplying a logical, socially acceptable reason rather than the real reason for an action

A

Rationalization

140
Q

A form of family government which holds that both male and female have equal voice in governing

A

Egalitarian

141
Q

Those funeral rites that follow a prescribed ritual which may be dictated either by religious beliefs or social customs

A

Traditional Funeral Rite

142
Q

Any event, person, or object that lessens the degree of pain in grief

A

Mitigation

143
Q

The change from rural to urban areas

A

Urbanization

144
Q

A family unit made up of one adult, either male or female, and their children

A

Single Parent Family

145
Q

Redirection of emotion to culturally or socially useful purposes

A

Sublimation

146
Q

The sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant which remains unexplained after complete autopsy and a review of the circumstances around the death

A

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

147
Q

A deliberate act of killing oneself

A

Suicide

148
Q

A medical doctor with a specialty in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders

A

Psychiatrist

149
Q

Arrangements between a funeral establishment and family which designates details of a funeral service, including the selection of merchandise, prior to the death of the person

A

Pre-Need Programs

150
Q

The ability to be considerate and friendly as demonstrated by both verbal and non-verbal behaviors

A

Warmth and Caring - Wolfelt

151
Q

A defense mechanism in which anger is redirected toward a person or object other than the one who provided the anger originally

A

Displaced Aggression

152
Q

Treating members of various social groups differently in circumstances where their rights or treatment should be identical

A

Discrimination

153
Q

Counselor takes a live speaking role, asking questions, suggesting courses of action, etc

A

Directive Counseling

154
Q

The upward and downward movement of a person or family within the social classes of their society

A

Social Mobility

155
Q

The process by which a person learns the social values of a society

A

Enculturation (Socialization)

156
Q

An adjustment process that involves grief or sorrow over a period of time and helps in the reorganization of the life of an individual following a loss or death of someone loved

A

Mourning

157
Q

The process that initiates, directs, and sustains behavior satisfying psychological or psychosocial needs

A

Motivation

158
Q

A culturally entrenched pattern of behavior made up of:

  • Sacred beliefs
  • Emotional feeling accompanying beliefs
  • Overt conduct presumably implementing the beliefs and feelings
A

Religion

159
Q

Any event performed in a solemn and prescribed manner

A

Rite

160
Q

The ability to communicate the belief that everyone possesses the capacity and right to choose alternatives and make decisions

A

Respect - Wolfelt

161
Q

The act or event of separation or loss that results in the experience of grief

A

Bereavement

162
Q

An unsuccessful attempt made by a person to end his or her own life

A

Suicidal Gesture

163
Q

Thoughts of ending ones life

A

Suicidal Ideation

164
Q

A brief review of points covered in a portion of the counseling session

A

Summary

165
Q

An event which allows those who have something in common with each other to deal with one another in regard to that which they share in common

A

Social Function

166
Q

A more or less conscious postponement of addressing anxiety and concern

A

Suppression

167
Q

Excessive in duration and never comes to a satisfactory conclusion

A

Chronic Grief

168
Q

Ceremonies centering around transition in life from one status to another

A

Rites of Passage

169
Q

A social behavior which is considered to be normal and is based on tradition

A

Customs

170
Q

Redirection of emotion to other targets

A

Displacement

171
Q

Attribution of one’s unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to someone else

A

Projection

172
Q

That counseling which occurs before death

A

Pre-Need Counseling

173
Q

Life events and minor hassles that extert pressure or strain

A

Stress

174
Q

Advice, especially that given as a result of consultation

A

Counseling - Webster

175
Q

The individual seeking assistance or guidance

A

Counselee

176
Q

A death has occurred and the funeral director is counseling with the family as they select the services and items of merchandise in completing arrangements for the funeral service of their choice

A

At-Need Counseling

177
Q

A phenomenon that occurs when an individual’s performance improves because of the presence of others

A

Social Facilitation

178
Q

A process occurring with loss, aimed at loosening the attachment to the dead for reinvestment in the living

A

Griefwork - Lindemann

179
Q

A state of tension, typically characterized by rapid heartbeat and shortness of breath

A

Anxiety

180
Q

An emotion characterized by a vague fear or premonition that something undesirable is going to happen

A

Anxiety

181
Q

Characteristic ways of responding to stress

A

Coping

182
Q

The outward expression or display of mood or feelings

A

Emotion

183
Q

Unconscious, irrational means used by the ego to defend against anxiety

A

Ego Defense Mechanisms

184
Q

A document which governs the withholding or withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from an individual in the event of an incurable or irreversible condition that will cause death within a relatively short time, and which such a person is no longer able to make decisions regarding his/her medical treatment

A

Living Will

185
Q

Social attraction to another person

A

Interpersonal Attraction

186
Q

Specialized techniques which are used to help people with complicated grief reactions

A

Grief Therapy - Worden

187
Q

Detailed examples of adjustments, choices, or alternatives available to the client or counselee from which a course of action may be selected

A

Illustrating

188
Q

A set of knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and rules for behavior that are held commonly within a society

A

Culture

189
Q

The science of vital statistics, or of births, deaths, marriages, etc of a population

A

Demographic

190
Q

A specific method or procedure used to comply with a folkway, mores, and/or law

A

Rule

191
Q

The study of the origins and consequences of thoughts, memories, beliefs, perceptions, explanations, and other mental processes

A

Cognitive

192
Q

Type of counseling where one comes actively and voluntarily to gain help on a problem, but without any notion of surrendering his own responsibility for the situation

A

Client-Centered Counseling - Rogers

193
Q

Non-directive method for counseling which stresses inherent worth of the client and the natural capacity for growth

A

Client-Centered Counseling - Rogers

194
Q

A family unit created by two or more nuclear families or friendships

A

Modified Extended Family

195
Q

Of, or characteristic of the present or recent times

A

Modern

196
Q

Not ancient, often used to designate certain contemporary tendencies

A

Modern

197
Q

Intervention with people whose needs are so specific that usually they can only be met by specially trained physicians or psychologists

A

Psychotherapy - Jackson

198
Q

Practitioners need special training because they often work with deeper levels of consciousness

A

Psychotherapy - Jackson

Thanatology 2018 (3 decks)

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