Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 7: Run For Your Life > General Respiration and Glycolysis > Flashcards

General Respiration and Glycolysis Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the steps of respiration?

A
  • Glycolysis
  • The Link Reaction
  • Kreb’s Cycle
  • Oxidative Phosphorylation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm [inc. sarcoplasm of muscle cells]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Does glycolysis occur in aerobic or anaerobic respiration?

A

Both ;-]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is oxygen needed for glycolysis?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What substance is needed for glycolysis?

A

Glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where is glucose supplied from for glycolysis?

A

Conversion of glycogen stores in muscle/liver cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is glucose converted to in glycolysis?

A

2 molecules of pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 stages of glycolysis?

A
  • Phosphorylation

- Oxidation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is needed for glucose to be converted at the beginning of glycolysis and why?

A

Input of energy from 2x ATP as glucose is stable and unreactive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s added to glucose in glyoclysis phosphorylation and what does this do?

A

2 Pi groups are added to glucose from 2ATP molecules, turning them into 2ADP
Increases reactivity of glucose and splits it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is glucose split into in the phosphorylation of glucose in glycolysis?

A

Two molecules of 3 carbon triose phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In oxidation in glyoclysis, what are the 2 molecules of triose phosphate converted to?

A

Oxidised into 2 molecules of pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the conversion of triose phosphate into pyruvate in glycolysis release and what do they do?

A

4 molecules of Pi that combine with 4ADP to form 4ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the formation of ATP from the phosphate released by formation of pyruvate in glycolysis known as and why?

A

Substrate level phosphorylation - energy and Pi comes from triose phosphate molecules to form ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What else other than 4Pi is released from oxidation of triose phosphate in glycolysis?

A

2H+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the 2H+ released from oxidation of triose phosphate do?

A

Reduces “NAD” to “reduced NAD”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the products of glycolysis?

A
  • Net gain of 2 ATP
  • 2 Reduced NAD
  • 2 Pyruvate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the reduced NAD from glycolysis go on to do?

A

Become a co enzyme in oxidative phosphorylation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does the pyruvate from glycolysis go on to?

A

The matrix of the mitochondria for the link reaction

20
Q

Glycolysis is only a x oxidation of glucose

A

Partial

21
Q

What is needed to completely oxidise glucose?

A

Oxygen

22
Q

What is end point inhibtion?

A

When the end product inhibits an early step in the metabolic pathway, controlling the whole process

23
Q

What happens if there is enough ATP produced from glycolysis? 2

A
  • ATP inhibits the enzyme involved in glucose phosphorylation
  • Changes its shape so it becomes inactive and doesn’t catalyse the reaction
24
Q

What happens when ATP from glycolysis is broken down? 2

A
  • The enzyme involved in glucose phosphorylation is converted back into active form
  • Catalyses glucose phosphorlyation
25
Q

Give the equation for aerobic respiration

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——] 6H2O + 6CO2

26
Q

What type of molecule is glucose?

A

A respiratory molecule - one that can be respired

27
Q

What is glucose split into during respiration overall?

A

CO2 and H2

28
Q

What is CO2 from respiration considered?

A

A waste product

29
Q

What is H2O formed in respiration?

A

H2 produced from glucose combines with atmospheric O2 to form H2O

30
Q

What is released when H2O is formed in respiration and what is it used to do?

A

Large amount of energy - used to phosphorylate ADP to ATP

31
Q

Why is a large amount of energy released when H2O is formed?

A
  • Glucose contains a hydrogen carbon bond which is not as strong as the hydrogen oxygen bond in water
  • The input of energy needed to break the C-H bond is less than the input of energy released when the O-H bonds in water are made
  • There is a net release of energy
32
Q

What type of respiration is ideal for endurance type excercise?

A

Aerobic respiration

33
Q

Why is aerobic respiration ideal for endurance type exercise? 3

A
  • Increase in blood supply to muscles
  • Ensures higher O2 supply to muscle cells
  • Aerobic respiration can regenerate ATP quickly as it is broke down
34
Q

What is endurance type exercise?

A

Exercise sustained for long periods of time e.g marathons

35
Q

What do glycolysis, the link reaction and krebs cycle do in respiration?

A

Provide products for oxidative phosphorylation where most ATP is produced

36
Q

How is ATP synthesised?

A

Phosphorylation of ADP

37
Q

What enzyme is ATP synthesis catalysed by?

A

ATP synthase

38
Q

Why is energy required to synthesise ATP?

A
  • Phosphate ions are hydrated
  • To make ATP, phosphate ions must be seperated from water
  • This requires energy
39
Q

What is stored in the 3rd phosphate bond in ATP?

A

Chemical potential energy

40
Q

Where is chemical potential energy stored in ATP?

A

The 3rd phosphate bond

41
Q

Why is chemical potential energy stored in the 3rd phosphate bond in ATP?

A
  • Energy is required to make the 3rd phosphate bond

- So ATP in water is higher in energy than ADP and Pi in water combined

42
Q

How is ADP formed?

A

Hydrolysis of ATP, removing one phosphate group

43
Q

What enzyme is ADP formation catalysed by?

A

ATPase

44
Q

What is released when ATP is hydrolysed?

A

Energy

45
Q

Why is energy released when ATP is hydrolysed? 2

A
  • Pi becomes hydrated when removed

- Energy is released as bonds form between water and phosphate

46
Q

What are uses of ATP? 2

A
  • Raises temperature of the cell

- Metabolic reactions

47
Q

What metabolic reactions is ATP used for? 3

A
  • Muscle contraction
  • Protein synthesis
  • Active Transport

Bio 7: Run For Your Life (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions