General Respiration and Glycolysis Flashcards
What are the steps of respiration?
- Glycolysis
- The Link Reaction
- Kreb’s Cycle
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm [inc. sarcoplasm of muscle cells]
Does glycolysis occur in aerobic or anaerobic respiration?
Both ;-]
Is oxygen needed for glycolysis?
No
What substance is needed for glycolysis?
Glucose
Where is glucose supplied from for glycolysis?
Conversion of glycogen stores in muscle/liver cells
What is glucose converted to in glycolysis?
2 molecules of pyruvate
What are the 2 stages of glycolysis?
- Phosphorylation
- Oxidation
What is needed for glucose to be converted at the beginning of glycolysis and why?
Input of energy from 2x ATP as glucose is stable and unreactive
What’s added to glucose in glyoclysis phosphorylation and what does this do?
2 Pi groups are added to glucose from 2ATP molecules, turning them into 2ADP
Increases reactivity of glucose and splits it
What is glucose split into in the phosphorylation of glucose in glycolysis?
Two molecules of 3 carbon triose phosphate
In oxidation in glyoclysis, what are the 2 molecules of triose phosphate converted to?
Oxidised into 2 molecules of pyruvate
What does the conversion of triose phosphate into pyruvate in glycolysis release and what do they do?
4 molecules of Pi that combine with 4ADP to form 4ATP
What is the formation of ATP from the phosphate released by formation of pyruvate in glycolysis known as and why?
Substrate level phosphorylation - energy and Pi comes from triose phosphate molecules to form ATP
What else other than 4Pi is released from oxidation of triose phosphate in glycolysis?
2H+
What does the 2H+ released from oxidation of triose phosphate do?
Reduces “NAD” to “reduced NAD”
What are the products of glycolysis?
- Net gain of 2 ATP
- 2 Reduced NAD
- 2 Pyruvate
What does the reduced NAD from glycolysis go on to do?
Become a co enzyme in oxidative phosphorylation
What does the pyruvate from glycolysis go on to?
The matrix of the mitochondria for the link reaction
Glycolysis is only a x oxidation of glucose
Partial
What is needed to completely oxidise glucose?
Oxygen
What is end point inhibtion?
When the end product inhibits an early step in the metabolic pathway, controlling the whole process
What happens if there is enough ATP produced from glycolysis? 2
- ATP inhibits the enzyme involved in glucose phosphorylation
- Changes its shape so it becomes inactive and doesn’t catalyse the reaction
What happens when ATP from glycolysis is broken down? 2
- The enzyme involved in glucose phosphorylation is converted back into active form
- Catalyses glucose phosphorlyation
