General Questions Flashcards
What is the fire triangle?
Oxygen, fuel and heat
What is the fire tetrahedron?
Oxygen, fuel, heat, and a self-sustained chemical chain reaction.
What is potential energy?
Stored energy possessed by an object that can be released in the future to perform work.
What is kinetic energy?
The energy possessed by a moving object.
What is NFPA 1971?
Standard on protective ensembles for structural and proximity fire fighting.
What is ANSI standard Z87.1?
Practice of occupational and educational eye and face protection.
What are the three components of a turn out coat?
Outer shell, moisture barrier and thermal barrier.
What does DRD stand for?
Drag rescue device.
What doe IDLH stand for?
Immediately dangerous to life and health.
What are four common respiratory hazards associated with fires and other emergencies?
Oxygen deficiency, elevated temperature, smoke and toxic atmosphere.
What does PPE stand for?
Personal protective equipment.
According to NFPA 1971, full PPE consists of?
Helmet, hood, coat, pants, gloves and boots.
The following is not part of NFPA 1971 but required by NFPA 1500.
Eye protection, hearing protection, SCBA, and PASS
Air cylinders must be stamped with the dates of?
Manufacturers and hydrostatic test.
According to the U. S. Department of transportation and transport Canada, steel and aluminum air cylinders must be tested every _______ years and composite air cylinders every ______ years?
5 and 3
Every fire extinguisher extinguished fire by at least one of the following mechanisms?
Smothering, cooling, chain breaking and saponification.
What is saponification?
The chemical reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt.
What is NFPA 10?
Standard for portable fire extinguishers.
What is a class K fire?
Combustible cooking oils.
What does AFFF stand for?
Aqueous film forming foam
What is the PASS method of a fire extinguisher?
Pull, aim, squeeze, sweep
What is ventilation?
The systematic removal of heated air, smoke and fire gases from a burning building and replacing them with cooler air.
What is conduction?
The transfer of heat within a body or to another body by direct contact.
What are the stages of fire development (4)?
Incipient, growth, fully developed fire, and decay.
What are the reasons for Ventilation?
Life safety, fire attack/extinguishment, fire spread control, reduction of flashover potential, reduction of backdraft potential, and property conservation.
What is natural Ventilation?
Techniques that use wind, convection currents, and other natural phenomena to ventilate without the use of mechanical devices.
What is forced Ventilation?
It is accomplished mechanically with fans or blowers or hydraulically with with a fog stream.
What is horizontal Ventilation?
The venting of heat, smoke and gasses through openings such as windows and doors.
Why is vertical ventilation?
The opening of a roof to let heated gases and smoke to exit.
What ventilating a residential structure, what size hole should you cut?
4’x4’
When ventilating a commercial structure what six hole should you cut?
8’x8’
What is trench ventilation?
A defensive tactic that involve cutting an opening in the roof , extending from one outside wall to the other, to create a cutoff opening to stop the fire.
What size should trench ventilation be?
4’ wide from exterior wall to wall.
What is span of control?
That any officer can only manage only a certain number of individuals. Rule of thumb, 3-7 and 5 being optimal.
What is division of labor?
The process of dividing large jobs into small jobs making the task more manageable.
What are foreground priorities?
Life safety, incident stabilization, and property conservation.
What is command?
Ultimately responsible for all incident activities, including development and implementation of a (IAP) incident action plan.
What is an IAP
Incident action plan
What does the command staff consist of?
Safety officer, liaison officer, and public information officer.
What does the general staff consist of?
Operations, planning, logistics and finance/ administration section chief.
What is the Operations section chief?
Reports directly to the IC and is responsible for all activities focused on reducing the immediate hazard, saving lives and property, establishing situational control and restoring operations. Also, staging and may be subdivided into ten branches.
What is the planning section chief?
Responsible for the collecting, documentation, evaluation, and dissemination of incident situation, information and intelligence to the IC.
What is the logistics section chief?
Responsible for all support requirement needed to facilitate effective and efficient incident management.
What is the finance/administration chief?
Established when agencies involved require finance and other administrative support service.
What is the safety officer?
Monitors incident operations and advises the IC on all matters regarding operational safety, including health and safety of emergency responder personnel.
What is the liaison officer?
Private contact for the governmental and non-governmental agencies and private sector organizations involved in the incident.
What is the public information officer?
Responsible for interfacing with the public and media.
What is a division?
A geographic designation assigning responsibility for all operations within a defined area.
What is a group?
Functional designations (Forcible entry, salvage, Ventilation, etc. ).
WhT is a strike team?
A set number of resources of the same kind and type with an established minimum number of personnel.
What is a task force?
Any combination of resources assembled in support of a specific mission or operation need.
What is a supervisor?
Someone in command of a division or group.
What is a branch?
The organization level between decisions/groups and the IC and operations. It is managed by a branch director.
What is NFPA 1500?
Standard on fire department occupational safety and health program.
What does PAR stand for?
Personal accountability report.
T/F The fire-related death rate in the U.S. Is the lowest of all industrialized countries?
False
What percentage of fires in the US are structural fires?
29%
In which situation is it okay to stray he hose line without taking care to not block a rescue attempt?
When the hose line provides a water stream that facilitates a rescue.
According to code, what is the minimum required size for new egress windows?
5.7 square feet
T/F Around 13,000 people are injured in fires in the US each year?
True
What is the median response time for a structure fire?
5 minutes
In what room in a single family home is a fire most likely to start?
Kitchen
T/F. Secondary means for escape are required for classrooms but not for bedrooms and living rooms in private homes?
False
What is the primary cause of commercial fires?
Arson
What action should a fire crew NOT take when responding to a natural gas leak?
Turn electric lights on and off.
What is the primary type of protective device every crew should have available on the scene of a fire?
A hoseline with an adequate supply of water.
T/F More people die from fire than from all other natural disasters combined?
True
An explosion has occurred. Which piece of evidence would indicate that the explosion was accidental?
The wall of the structure were blown outward at their base.
Afire crew has arrived at the scene of a natural gas leak. There is no fire. What should they do after laying a line to handle any possible explosion?
Turn off the gas at the curb.
What percent of fires are outdoor fires?
41%
T/F code requires new stair handrails to be at least 34 inches and no more then 38 inches above the surface of the tread?
True
You have arrived at the scene of a house fire. A neighbor is trying to give you information. What is the most important thing to find out?
Do you know if anyone’s inside.
What is the SECOND major cause for fires in the US?
Heating
Which group of people are at the most risk of dying in a fire?
Senior citizens.
When conducting an inspection of a home or business fire extinguisher, how high on the wall should the unit be placed?
No more then 5’ for a unit that’s under 40 lbs. and no more than 3’ for over 40 lbs.
What percentage of structural fires are residential fires?
74%
T/F Most fire related deaths are caused by careless smoking?
True
There is a fire in a multi room building. You have been instructed to help stop the spread of the fire. What should you do.
Close the doors between rooms or suites.
What are the root causes for most cooking related fires in the US?
Unattended cooking.
You have just arrived on the scene of an accident, what’s the first thing you should do?
Check the victims for injury.
What percent of Fire are vehicle fires?
22%
T/F The leading cause of home fires in the US is cooking?
True
In what room of a single family home is a fire least likely to begin?
Laundry room
