General Questions Flashcards
What is the normal partial pressures of O2 and CO2?
13.3 and 5.5 kPa respectively.
What is the plasma concentration of CO2?
~25mmol/L
Normal extracellular concentration of electrolytes? (Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+)
Extracellular: Na+: 145mmol/L K+: 4mmol/L Cl-: 4.2mmol/L Ca2+: 1.5mmol/L
Normal intracellular concentration of electrolytes? (Na+, K+, Cl-, Ca2+)
Intracellular: Na+ 12mmol/L K+ 155mmol/L Cl-: 123mmol/L Ca2+: 100nmol/L
Normal plasma concentration of HCO3-?
~25mmol/L
Normal range of plasma glucose concentration?
3.3-6mmol/L
How would diabetes be diagnosed in a patient?
Symptoms (polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss) and elevated blood glucose level (>7mmol/L after fasting)
Normal pH range?
7.38-7.46
What is a solute?
A substance dissolved in another substance.
What is a solvent?
A substance in which another substance is dissolved in, forming a solution.
What is the difference between osmolarity and osmolality?
Osmolarity: concentration of solution: number of osmoles of solute per litre of solution
Osmolality: concentration of solution: number of osmoles of solute per Kg of H2O
If a solution is isotonic (say in the context of the body), what does this mean?
If cells in the body were bathed by this isotonic solution, there would be no net flow of water across the cellular (semi-permeable) membrane
What does hypotonic/hypo-osmotic (in the context of the body) mean?
If the tissue fluid is bathed in hypotonic solution, then there would be net movement of water out of the cells (via the semi-permeable cell membrane). Risk of cell shrinkage.
What does hypertonic/hyper-osmotic (in the context of the body) mean?
If the tissue fluid is bathed in hypertonic solution, then there would be net movement of water into the cells (via the semi-permeable cell membrane). Risk of cells bursting.
What is absorption?
Occurs in the gut after the breakdown of food.
