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Psychiatry > General Psychiatry > Flashcards

General Psychiatry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the features of schizophrenia?

A
  1. Hallucinations
  2. Delusions
  3. Disorganised Thinking / Speech
  4. Catatonia
  5. Negative Symptoms
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2
Q

What are the clusters of personality disorders?

A 
Cluster A (mad): schizotypal, schizoid, paranoid
Cluster B (bad): antisocial, histrionic, narcissistic, borderline
Cluster C (sad): OCPD, anxious-avoidant, reliant
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3
Q

What are the 5 axes of DSM V?

A

Axis I: principle disorder (e.g. depression, schizophrenia)
Axis II: personality and developmental disorders
Axis III: medical problems
Axis IV: psychosocial stressors
Axis V: global assessment of functioning

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4
Q

What are the features of depression?

A 
D - depressed mood
I - loss of interest
G - feelings of guilt
S - sleep disturbance
P - psychomotor agitation or retardation
A - appetite change
C - poor concentration
E - lack of energy
S - suicidal ideation
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5
Q

What are the features of borderline personality disorder?

A

Mood swings, transient paranoia or dissociation, impulsive behaviour, self-harm, suicidal ideation, unstable relationships, fear of abandonment

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6
Q

What is the presentation of serotonin syndrome and how is it treated?

A

Mental State: agitation, hypomania, confusion, hallucinations, coma
Autonomic: hyperthermia, tachycardia, nausea, diarrhoea
Neuromuscular: myoclonus, tremor, hyperreflexia, ataxia
Treatment: cessation of medication, supportive care, cyproheptadine

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7
Q

What are the features of Wernicke’s encephalopathy?

A

Ataxia
Opthalmoplegia
Confusion

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8
Q

What are the features of Korsakoff Syndrome?

A
  1. Anterograde amnesia
  2. Retrograde amnesia
  3. Confabulation
  4. Miminal content of conversation
  5. Lack of insight
  6. Apathy
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9
Q

What are Bowlby’s four attachment styles?

A

Type B: balanced & secure (most common)
Type A: anxious avoidant (second most common)
Type C: anxious ambivalent / preoccupied
Type D: disorganised

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10
Q

What are the domains of dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A

Deficit in social communication + interaction

Restricted, repetitive behaviour

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11
Q

What are the two components of ADHD?

A
  1. Inattention

2. Hyperactivity + Impulsivity

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12
Q

What are the commonly used bedside screening tests for cognitive function and when is each used?

A

MMSE: moderate cognitive deficit (no executive testing)
FAB: frontal lobe / executive dysfunction only
MoCA: mild cognitive impairment + executive dysfunction
ASAS-Cog: impairment in AD

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13
Q

What is the difference between a guardianship and an administration order?

A

Guardianship: lifestyle + medical decisions
Administration: financial + asset decisions

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14
Q

How is delirium managed?

A
  1. Treat underlying cause
  2. Reorioentation, behavioural intervention
  3. Sedation (haloperidol, quetiapine, olanzapine, lorazepam)
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15
Q

How can you distinguish delirium from dementia?

A

In delirium, patients tend to be more distractible and unable to focus or pay attention

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16
Q

What are the subtypes of Anorexia Nervosa?

A

Restricting type: dieting, fasting, excessive exercise

Binge-purge type: vomiting, laxatives, enemas

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17
Q

What is the difference between the binging-purging type of Anorexia Nervosa and Bullimia Nervosa?

A 
Anorexia = BMI <17
Bullimia = BMI normal or overweight
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18
Q

What is conversion disorder?

A

1+ symptoms of altered motor/sensory function (e.g. mimic stroke) with no medical explanation

19
Q

How is conversion disorder managed?

A
  1. Psychoeduation
  2. CBT + physical therapy
  3. Antidepressants, hypnosis
20
Q

What are the risk factors for suicide?

A 
S - Male Sex
A - Age (biggest cause of death 15-24, highest rates >65)
D - Depression or other psychiatric disorder
P - Previous attempt
E - Excess alcohol or substance abuse
R - Rational thinking loss
S - Social supports lacking
O - Organised plan
N - No spouse
S - Sickness
21
Q

What are the components of the mental state examination?

A 
A - Appearance
B - Behaviour
C - Conversation
A - Affect
P - Perception
C - Cognition
I - Insight
J - Judgement
R - RapportW
22
Q

What are the four symptom domains of mood disorders?

A
  1. Mood
  2. Psychomotor activity
  3. Cognition
  4. Vegetative
23
Q

What is the difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II?

A

I: at least one manic episode
II: at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode, without a manic episode

24
Q

What is the difference between mania and hypomania?

A

Mania: 1 week, impairs functioning
Hypomania: 4 days, no marked impairment, no psychosis, no hospitalisation

25
Q

What is a mixed episode?

A

Concurrent presence of depressive symptoms with manic symptoms (DSM-V = with mixed features)

26
Q

What is the timeframe for adjustment disorder?

A

Onset within 3 months of stressor and don’t persist >6 months after removal of stressor

27
Q

What are the key features of Borderline Personality Disorder?

A

I - Instability of affect (mood swings)
I - Interpersonal relationship issues (abandonment)
I - Impulsivity (suicidal + self-harm behaviours)
I - Identity disturbance (dissociation, paranoia)

28
Q

What are the indications for CBT?

A

Mild-moderate depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, eating disorders, drug/alcohol dependence

29
Q

Which patients are likely to respond well to CBT?

A 
Willing and motivated to engage
Internal locus of control
Good insight
Average intelligence
Not psychotic or manic
30
Q

What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A 
Avolition (motivation)
Anhedonia (pleasure)
Apathy (interest)
Affective blunting
Alogia (speech)
Asociality
31
Q

What are the features of psychosis?

A 
Hallucinations
Delusions
Formal thought disorder
Catatonia
(negative symptoms are in schizophrenia)
32
Q

What is Freud’s topographic theory of the mind?

A

Unconscious mind: not directly accessible
Preconscious mind: ordinary memory
Conscious mind: current awareness (10%, like iceberg)

33
Q

What is Freud’s structural theory of the mind?

A

Id: basic instinctual drives
Superego: culture, ideals, spirituality, conscience
Ego: conscious awareness, reconciles Id and Superego

34
Q

List some immature ego defence mechanisms.

A

Acting out
Wishful thinking
Passive aggression

35
Q

List some mature ego defence mechanisms.

A 
Mindfulness
Thought suppression
Emotional self-regulation
Distress tolerance
Emotional self-sufficiency
36
Q

List some pathological ego defence mechanisms.

A

Denial
Distortion
Inferiority / superiority complex

37
Q

List some neurotic ego defence mechanisms.

A 
Rationalisation
Intellectualisation
Regression
Repression
Upward / downward social comparisons
38
Q

What are the features of substance dependence?

A

S - Social impairment
H - High-risk use
I - Impaired control
P - Pharmacological tolerance and withdrawal

39
Q

What are the features of alcohol withdrawal?

A

Autonomic hyperactivity: nausea, agitation, tremor, tachycardia, hypertension, palpitations, anxiety, insomnia
Hallucinations
Tonic-clonic seizures

40
Q

What are the features of delirium tremens?

A

Change in consciousness + cognition (delirium)

Fever

41
Q

What are the different specifies of depression?

A 
with Melancholic Features
with Atypical Features
with Catatonia
with Psychotic Features (mood congruent or incongruent)
with Postpartum Onset
with Anxious Distress
with Mixed Features
with Seasonal Pattern
42
Q

What are the features of a schizotypal personality disorder?

A

Eccentric behaviour, beliefs, dress and language
Lack close friends
Often identify as ‘psychic’ or as having a ‘sixth sense’
May have anxiety and ideas of reference

43
Q

What is Couvade syndrome?

A

A condition of male partners of pregnant women who experience indigestion, weight/appetite change, bloating constipation, abdominal pain, etc.

Psychiatry (3 decks)

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