General Principles of Malignancy - Krafts

Question 1

Leukemia

Answer 1

• Malignancy of hematopoietic cells
• starts in BONE MARROW
• Myeloid OR lymphoid
• Acute or chronic

Question 2

Lymphoma

Answer 2

• Malignancy of hematopoietic cells
• starts in LYMPH NODES
• Lymphoid only
• Hodgkin or non-Hodgkin

Question 3

Types of myeloid malignancies

Answer 3

Acute myeloid leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Question 4

Types of lymphoid malignancies:

Answer 4

• Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
• Hodgkin lymphoma
• Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
• Multiple myeloma

Question 5

How is a diagnosis made?

Answer 5

Clinical setting
Morphology
Immunophenotyping: Looks for markers like CD4 or CD8
Molecular studies: PCR
Cytogenetics: look at chromosomes

Question 6

BM Biopsy

Answer 6

1. Insert Jamshidi needle (hollow needle) into superior iliac crest

allows you to see architecture of BM (hematopoetic tissue, fat)

2. Then do aspiration: draw out bone marrow

Smear it out on slide and count cells