General Principles of Growth

Question 1

What’s the difference between growth & development?

Answer 1

Growth - increase in size or mass of an organism
Development - change in structure & function

Question 2

What is isometric growth?

Answer 2

Proportion stay the same - same pattern of growth

Question 3

What is allometric growth?

Answer 3

Differential growth of body parts

Question 4

What changes in growth does that allows the strength of the skeleton follow?

Answer 4

Increases in mass (not height)

Question 5

What physiological functions can be influenced by size?

Answer 5

Temperature regulation
Movement
Diffusion

Question 6

How does metabolic rate change as body mass increases?

Answer 6

Decreases

Question 7

How does the rate of diffusion change as diffusion distance increases?

Answer 7

Slow

Question 8

What’s hypertrophy?

Answer 8

Increase in cell size

Question 9

What’s hyperplasia?

Answer 9

Increase in cell number

Question 10

What is differentiation?

Answer 10

Individual cells become specialised to perform particular function

Question 11

What is apoptosis?

Answer 11

Programmed cell death

Question 12

What are some consequences of failure to control cell growth?

Answer 12

Regeneration
Cancer

Question 13

What factors influence growth & development?

Answer 13

Genetics
Nutrtirion
Environment

Question 14

What controls body size?

Answer 14

Genetics

Question 15

What effects does poor nutrition have on growth & development?

Answer 15

Slower growth & development

Question 16

If 2 different-sized breeds of horse (eg shetland & shire) reproduce, which parent’s size will influence the size of the offspring more?

Answer 16

Mother
Mare has to carry foal

Question 17

How does the cold affect growth?

Answer 17

Short limbs & torso - reduce heat loss from body surface