General Principles of AHLS Flashcards
What percentage of hazardous materials incidents occur at fixed facilities ?
80%
Chapter 1, page 9
Top 7 chemicals involved in incidents at Fixed Facilities
Natural Gas
Carbon Monoxide
Methamphetamine Chemicals
Ammonia
Sulphuric Acid
Hydrochloric Acid
Propane
Chapter 1, page 11
Top 7 chemicals involved in transportation accidents
Alkaline Hydroxide
Hydrochloric Acid
Sulfuric Acid
Natural Gas
Isopropanaol
Hydrogen Peroxide
Resin, NOS
Chapter 1, page 11
Toxin
A poisonous substance produced by the metabolism of a simple or complex livering organism such as a bacterium, fungus, plant or fromt the venoms of scorpions, spiders and snakes.
Chapter 2, page 26
Toxicant
Is a poisonous substance not derived from the metabolism of an organisms (ie hydrogen fluoride.
Most hazardous materials are toxicants not toxins.
Chapter 26, page 26
List the 9 classes in the International Hazard Classification System
Class 1 Explosives
Class 2 Gases
Class 3 Flammable liquids
Class 4 Flammable solids
Class 5 Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides
Class 6 Toxic substances and Infectious Substances
Class 7 Radioactive Substances
Class 8 Corrosive Materials
Class 9 Miscellaneous hazards
Chapter 1
What is the most common route of exposure at hazmat incidents ?
Inhalation due to airborne toxicants such as gases, vapors or aerosols.
Chapter 1
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)
CAS assigns a unique registry number (CAS#) to atoms, molecules, and mixtures.
Chapter 2, page 26
Solid
Is a state of matt that has a fixed volume and shape.
Chapter 2, page 28
Sublime
A solid that changes directly into a gas.
For example, dry ice.
Chapter 2, page 28
Vapor
A gaseous dispersion of the molecules of a sabustance that is normally a liquid or a solid at standard temperature and pressure.
Chapter 2, page 28
Liquid
A state of matter that flows and can change its shape, but has a fixed volume.
Chapter 2, page 28
Gas
State of matter that has variable volume and shape.
Chapter 2, page 28
Aerosols
Suspensions of solids or liquids in air such as solid dusts or liquid mists.
Chapter 2, page 28
Polar Substances
The more polar a substance the more water soluble.
Chapter 2, page 30
AMPLE History
Allergies
Medications
Past Medical History
Last meal, last mensstrual period, last tetanus
Chapter 3, page 58
Toxidromes
Collection of sings and symptoms that commonly characterize poisoning due to a specific class of poisons.
Chapter 3, page 59
Irritant gas toxidrome
Irritation, inflammation, edema, and chemical burns of the exposed mucous membranes, airways, and lungs.
ie. ammonia, chlorine, methl isocyanate, and phosgene.
Chatper 3, page 59
Asphyxiant toxidrome
Cardiopulmonary and neurological signs and symptoms such as dyspnea, shortness of breath, chest pain, palpatations, dysrhythmias, syncope, seizures & coma.
Caused by inadequate oxygen supply to the lungs, decreased oxygen delivery via the blood, and/or decreased oxygen extraction by the tissues.
Chapter 3, page 59
Cholinergic toxidrome
DUMBELS & MTWHF
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bronchospasm
Bronchorrhea
Bradycardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation
Secretions
Sweating
Mydiasis, Tachycardia, Wekness, Hypertension, and fasciculations.
Chapter 3, page 59
Corrosive toxidrome
Irritatn and corrosive local toxic effects, resulting in chemical burns of the skin and mucous membranes.
ie. acids, bases, oxidizers and white phosphorus
Chapter 3, page 59
Hydrocarbon & Substituted Hydrocarbon toxidrome
Sleepiness, deep stupor, comal, low GCS and cardiac irritability (V-tach)
Chapter 3, page 59
Poisoning Treatment Paradigm
Alter absorption
Administer antidote
Basics
Change catabolism
Distribute differently
Enhance elimination
Chapter 3, page 61
