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Human Physiology - Hormones and Health > General Principles > Flashcards

General Principles Flashcards

1
Q

compare endocrine and nervous systems

A

endocrine: slow acting, long duration, maintains homeostasis
nervous: fast acting

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2
Q

definition of hormones

A

substances released by endocrine glands and transported throughout the blood stream to target tissues where they regulate specific functions

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3
Q

difference between primary and secondary endocrine glands

A

some organs have secondary endocrine functions because they can secrete hormones but it is not their primary function

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4
Q

examples of hormones released by the hypothalamus

A

releasing and inhibiting hormones

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5
Q

examples of hormones released by the pituitary anterior lobe

A

luteinizing hormone
follicle stimulating hormone
prolactin
growth hormone
adrenocorticotropin
thyroid stimulating hormone

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6
Q

examples of hormones released by the pituitary posterior lobe

A

antidiuretic hormone/vassopressin
oxytocin

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7
Q

examples of hormones released by the thyroid

A

T4/T3
calcitonin

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8
Q

examples of hormones released by the parathyroid

A

parathyroid hormone

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9
Q

examples of hormones released by the testis

A

testosterone
estradiol
MIH
inhibin

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10
Q

examples of hormones released by the ovary

A

estradiol, progesterone, inhibin

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11
Q

examples of hormones released by the pineal

A

melatonin

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12
Q

examples of hormones released by the placenta

A

hCG
progesterone
estrogen

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13
Q

what are the three categories of hormones

A

amino acid derivatives
peptide hormones
lipid derivatives

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14
Q

which amino acid is used to create thyroid hormone

A

tyrosine

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15
Q

which chemical structure are lipid derived hormones based on

A

cholesterol

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16
Q

which types hormones are hydrophobic

A

steroids and some amines

17
Q

what do cell membrane hormone receptors activate
what is their timescale

A

intracellular second messengers
elicited within seconds to minutes

18
Q

what do intracellular receptor systems alter
what is their timescale

A

alter transcription rates
effects take hours - act genetically

19
Q

what does signal amplification lead to
how does it come about

A

a long term response
secondary messengers

20
Q

what can hormones alter

A

either the structure of proteins or protein synthesis

21
Q

key determinants of effective [hormone] in plasma

A

rate of activation or conversion
extent of binding to plasma proteins
rate of removal from the blood by metabolic inactivation and excretion
rate of secretion into the blood by the endocrine gland (most important)

22
Q

what hormones are bound to carriers in the blood

A

steroids and amines

23
Q

why can peptides not be taken orally

A

they would be broken down

24
Q

how can target cells control hormone concentration in the blood

A

they can internalize and degrade the hormone

Human Physiology - Hormones and Health (8 decks)

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