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physiology > general physiological concepts > Flashcards

general physiological concepts Flashcards

1
Q

Define physiology

A

The study of normal functioning of a living organism and its component parts

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2
Q

Define cellular physiology

A

The biochemical and biophysical processes occurring within cells
IE cell respiration, protein synthesis, division and active transport

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3
Q

What is systemic physiology?

A

The regulation of physiological processes within the body by homeostasis

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4
Q

Define anatomy

A

The study of structure with much less emphasis on function

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5
Q

Define pathophysiology

A

The study of abnormal biochemical and biophysical processes that occur in diseases

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6
Q

Define pharmacology

A

The study of the effect of drugs on the body processes

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7
Q

Define nutrition

A

Nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain energy and raw material from nutrients such as proteins, carbohydrates and fats

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8
Q

Define respiration

A

Respiration is the release energy from food substances in all living cells.

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9
Q

Define excretion

A

removal of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism and substances in excess from the body of an organism

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10
Q

What is a cell?

A

The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things

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11
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A

Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue

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12
Q

Where is epithelial tissue found?

A

Glands and tissues that cover interior and exterior body surfaces

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13
Q

What is the function of connective tissue?

A

It provides support for the body and connects its parts

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14
Q

Where is muscle tissue found?

A

Along the bones

It enables the body to move

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15
Q

What is the function of nervous tissue?

A

Transmits nerve impulses through the body

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16
Q

What are the parts of the integumentary system?

A

Skin
hair
nails

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17
Q

What are the 11 organ systems in the body?

A 
Integumentary
Muscular
Skeletal
Digestive
Reproductive
Urinary
Nervous
Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
respiratory
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18
Q

What is the integumentary system and what does it do?

A

Its the external cover of the body
Protects deeper tissues from injury
Site of cutaneous receptors, sweat and oil glands

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19
Q

What is the skeletal system and what does it do?

A

The bones

Protects and supports the body’s organs

20
Q

What is the muscular system and what does it do?

A

The muscles

Produces body movement

21
Q

What are the systems that exchange material between internal and external environments?

A

Respiratory
digestive
urinary
reproductive

22
Q

What does the respiratory system do?

A

Removes carbon dioxide from the body

Supplies blood with oxygen

23
Q

What does the digestive system do?

A

Breaks down the food for absorption

Remove waste products

24
Q

What does the urinary system do?

A

Regulation of water, electrolytes and acid-base balance in the body

25
Q

Which systems extend throughout the body?

A

Endocrine
Cardiovascular
Nervous
Lymphatic

26
Q

What are the parts of the nervous system and what does it do?

A

The brain, spinal cord and sensory receptors

Controls homeostasis by stimulating particular muscle contraction and gland secretions

27
Q

What does the lymphatic system do?

A

Protects the body by attacking foreign substances

28
Q

What does the endocrine system do?

A

Hormone secretion to regulate body processes

29
Q

What does the cardiovascular system do?

A

Transports blood to the body

30
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Maintaining a constant internal environment

31
Q

What do the kidneys do?

A

Remove excess water and ions from the blood

32
Q

What do glucagon and insulin do?

A

Regulate blood sugar

33
Q

What factors in the human body are maintained by homeostasis?

A 
Concentration of nutrients
Concentration of CO2 and O2
pH
Pressure and volume
Concentration of water, salts and other electrolytes
Temperature
34
Q

What are the two main fluids in the body?

A

Intercellular fluid and extracellular fluid

35
Q

What hormone is released if the blood glucose levels are high?

A

Insulin

36
Q

What hormone is released if the blood glucose levels are low?

A

Glucagon

37
Q

What are two components of the extracellular fluid?

A

Plasma- the fluid portion of the blood

Interstitial fluid- surrounds and bathes cells

38
Q

What are the major cavities the body is divided into?

A

The cranial cavity
Thoracic cavity
Abdominopelvic cavity

39
Q

What is the name of the membrane that encloses the heart?

A

Pericardial sac

40
Q

What membrane encloses the lungs?

A

Separate pleural sacs

41
Q

What tissue lines the abdomen?

A

Peritoneum

42
Q

Where do the kidneys lie?

A

Outside the abdominal cavity between the peritoneum and the muscles and bones of the back just above waist level

43
Q

What does the pelvis contain?

A

Reproductive organs
urinary bladder
the terminal portion of the large intestine

44
Q

What are the hollow organs?

A

The heart
lungs
blood vessels
intestines

45
Q

What is the interior of the hollow organs called?

A

Lumen

46
Q

What does the lumen contain?

A

It could be wholly or partially filled with air or fluid

physiology (3 decks)

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