general Pharmacology

Question 1

Bacitracin
- MOA
- USE
- form

Answer 1

MOA: inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting peptidoglycan

Against Gram (+) - Staph
ie. blepharitis

ointment

Question 2

Polysporin

Answer 2

Bacitracin (gram +) + Polymixin B (gram -)

Question 3

Amoxicillin
- MOA:
- resistance
- group
- specific adverse effect for drug

Answer 3

Penicillin

MOA: Inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting Transpeptidase

Not resistant to penicillinase

causes SJS

Question 4

Dicloxacillin
- MOA
- resistance
- group
- against what bacteria
- use

Answer 4

Penicillin

Gram (+)

MOA: Inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting Transpeptidase

resistant to penicillinase

good for methicillin sensitive staph

use: eyelid infections (preseptal, hordeolum)

Question 5

Augmentin

Answer 5

amoxicillin (gram +/ some -) + clavulanic acid (penicillinase resistant)

use: eyelid infection

Question 6

penicillins
- endings
- spectrum
- MOA
- USE
- adverse affects
- pregnancy

Answer 6

end in cillin

Gram (+) / some (-) broader spectrum that bacitracin

MOA: Inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting Transpeptidase

use: eyelid infection

adverse affects: hypersensitivity type 1/4
decrease effectivity of oral contraceptives

Safe in pregnancy

Question 7

How do drugs prevent cell wall synthesis from occurring?

What classes go after these?

Answer 7

Peptidoglycan (baciTracin) and Transpeptidase ( PCN, Cephalosporin) are not present in human cells, so drugs go after those

Question 8

How do drugs inhibit protein synthesis?

what classes/ drugs

Answer 8

Bacteria have a 70 s ribosome. Made of the 30 S (BUY AT 30) and the 50S (CEL @ 50) parts. Drugs go after those

Question 9

How do drugs interfere with DNA synthesis of bacteria?

What drugs/ classes

Answer 9

Affect folate synthesis - bacteria produce own vs humans who get it in their diet (sulfonamides, trimethoprim, pyrimethamine)

Drugs that go after DNA gyrase And topoisomerase 4 (fluroquinolones - 2 MOA)

Question 10

If a patient is allergic to penicillin’s, can you prescribe a cephalosporin? Why or why not?

Answer 10

no because both contain a beta lactate ring . Patient can be allergic to both

Question 11

Cephalosporin
- MOA
- drugs
- adverse affects
- contraindications

Answer 11

MOA: inhibit cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidase

1st gen - gram (+) : keflex
2nd gen - gram (+), some (-) : cefuroxime
3rd gen: ceftriaxone, ceeftazidime/4th gen - Gram (+)&(-): cefeprime

Adverse affect: mess with flora, which affects vitamin K absorption (needed for clotting) - ie. no vitamin K, blood is thinner

AVOID with blood thinners

Question 12

cephalexin
- class
- use
- spectrum

Answer 12

1st gen cepahlosporin

• used for skin infections/lid

gram (+)

Question 13

Ceftriazone

Answer 13

3rd generation cephalosporin

• used for gonorrhea, orbital cellulitis ( H-FLU)

gram (-)/gram(+)