General Pediatrics

Question 1

All of the following are benefits of breastfeeding except:

1. Enhanced cognitive development
2. Reduced risk of malignancies in mother and child
3. Increased fertility
4. Reduced risk of type 1 and 2 diabetes
5. Reduced risk of infant bacteremia

Answer 1

3. Increased fertility

Question 2

All of the following are true regarding the composition of breast milk except :

1. Milk for a preterm infant is lower in carbohydrates but higher in calories
2. Colostrum is particularly rich in IgA
3. Hind milk has 50 % higher fat content than fore milk
4. Breastmilk provides 60/40 casein-to-whey ratio

Answer 2

4. Breastmilk provides 60/40 casein-to-whey ratio

Question 3

All of the following are protective from childhood obesity except :

1. Adequate sleep
2. Regular family meals
3. ‘Grazing’ throughout the day
4. Siblings
5. Parental limit setting and supervision

Answer 3

3. ‘Grazing’ throughout the day

Question 4

A 2 month of term infant is not sleeping through the night. You tell the exhausted parents that most (70-80%) infants sleep through the night (uninterrupted sleep for 6-8 hours) by :

1. 2 months
2. 4-6 months
3. 7-9 months
4. 12 months

Answer 4

3. 7-9 months

Question 5

Normal infants hit their peak of crying time at 6 weeks of age. How many hours per day of crying is considered developmentally normal at this age?

1. 30 minutes
2. 1 hours
3. 3 hours
4. 4 ½ hours

Answer 5

3. 3 hours

Question 6

You are seeing a health one month old for a health supervision visit. As you review the plans for the next visit, the parents state that they are considering not immunizing their child because a relative was diagnosed with Autism 2 months following a vaccine. The most appropriate response for these parents is to:

1. Acknowledge their concerns and inform that current evidence does not support such a link
2. Provide them with a copy of an epidemiologic study showing the absence of correlation between vaccines and autism
3. Recommend an alternative vaccine schedule that would not overwhelm the child’s immune system
4. Tell them you can no longer care for their child in your practice

Answer 6

1. Acknowledge their concerns and inform that current evidence does not support such a link

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding oral health are true?

1. The first teeth to erupt are usually the lower central incisors at 5-8 months
2. The last primary teeth to erupt are the upper canines at 16-20 months
3. Dental extraction of caries is a rare procedure in children
4. 20 % of Canadian kids 6-11 years have had a cavity
5. The most common causative organisms for dental caries is Streptococcus viridans

Answer 7

1. The first teeth to erupt are usually the lower central incisors at 5-8 months

Question 8

The following is true of Universal Newborn Hearing Screen recommended for all Canadians

1. AABRs are the primary, initial screen that makes up universal screening
2. Mild congenital hearing loss can be missed in most programs
3. In unscreened children, hearing loss is identified as a speech delay at an average of 36 months of age
4. Admission to the NICU for 24 hours is a risk factor for neonatal sensorineural hearing loss

Answer 8

2. Mild congenital hearing loss can be missed in most programs

Question 9

What is the incidence of daytime continence in toddlers?

1. 75 % by 25 months
2. 25 % by 30 months
3. 75 % by 30 months
4. 60 % by 36 months
5. 98 % by 36 months

Answer 9

5. 98 % by 36 months

Question 10

A 5 year old boy has new onset nocturnal enuresis. The best initial intervention for this child is to:

1. Wake him and take him to the bathroom before the parents go to bed
2. Punish him in the morning
3. Obtain a urinalysis
4. Use an alarm
5. Write a prescription for DDAVP

Answer 10

3. Obtain a urinalysis