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Hamilton 2020 Questions > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

3-month-old boy has failure to thrive and chronic diarrhea. Stools are pale, foul-smelling, and greasy, and breath sounds are coarse with rhonchi. Liver has normal texture and is palpable at the right costal margin. The MOST likely diagnosis is:

  1. Biliary Atresia
  2. Celiac Disease
  3. Congenital Lactase Deficiency
  4. Cystic Fibrosis
  5. Schwachman-Diamond Syndrome
A
  1. Cystic Fibrosis
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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with an increased risk of Celiac Disease?

  1. Down Syndrome
  2. Turner Syndrome
  3. Russell-Silver Syndrome
  4. William’s Syndrome
  5. Type I Diabetes
A
  1. Russell-Silver Syndrome
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3
Q

Which of the following is NOT a unique sign of Crohn’s Disease?

  1. Granuloma
  2. Fistula
  3. Transmural inflammation
  4. Hypoalbuminemia
  5. Jejunal ulceration
A
  1. Hypoalbuminemia
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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT in the differential of Terminal Ileitis?

  1. Crohn’s Disease
  2. Lymphoma
  3. Tuberculosis
  4. Yersinia infection
  5. Celiac Disease
A
  1. Celiac Disease
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5
Q

Which of the following is NOT an organic cause of constipation?

  1. Hypercalcemia
  2. Hypothyroidism
  3. Hyperkalemia
  4. Lead poisoning
  5. Hirschsprung’s Disease
A
  1. Hyperkalemia
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6
Q

Which of the following is a stimulant laxative?

  1. Polyethylene Glycol (PEGlyte, PEG3350)
  2. Lactulose
  3. Docusate sodium (Colace)
  4. Dulcolax (Bisacodyl)
  5. Mineral oil (Lansoyl)
A
  1. Dulcolax (Bisacodyl)
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7
Q

The most common cause of diarrhea in a 3 year-old is:

  1. Lactose intolerance
  2. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  3. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  4. Toddler’s Diarrhea
  5. Parasitic Infection
A
  1. Toddler’s Diarrhea
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8
Q

5-month-old referred for poor growth and irritability. History significant for constant spitting up of formula. An upper GI series reveals normal appearance of the esophagus and stomach. Which of the following most likely explains these findings?

  1. Prone positioning after feedings
  2. Stress in the home
  3. Hiatal hernia
  4. Inappropriate relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
  5. Pyloric stenosis
A
  1. Inappropriate relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter
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9
Q

A 3-month old presents with bloody stools. The most likely diagnosis is:

  1. Swallowed maternal blood
  2. Allergic colitis
  3. Vascular ectasia
  4. IBD
  5. Infection
A
  1. Allergic colitis
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10
Q

10-year-old boy has pruritus and hematemesis. Physical examination reveals ascites, and a prominent venous pattern over the abdomen. MOST likely cause for the hematemesis is:

  1. Esophageal varices
  2. Gastric polyp
  3. Peptic ulcer disease
  4. Posterior nasal bleeding
  5. Thrombocytopenia
A
  1. Esophageal varices
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11
Q

What is the first-line treatment for Pinworms?

  1. Mebendazole
  2. Albendazole
  3. Metronidazole
  4. Septra
  5. Fluconazole
A
  1. Mebendazole
  2. Albendazole
    (both good apparently)
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12
Q

A patient is diagnosed with Dientamoeba fragilis. Metronidazole fails to clear the Infection. Next antibiotic choice is:

  1. Mebendazole
  2. Albendazole
  3. Paromomycin
  4. Septra
  5. Tetracycline
A
  1. Paromomycin
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13
Q

An infant boy did not pass stool during the first 36 hours of life. He has had regular passage of both watery and hard, pellet-like stools and often strains with defecation. Barium enema reveals dilation of the large bowel with narrowing immediately proximal to the rectum. The MOST appropriate management is:

  1. Add prune juice to the present formula
  2. Arrange for a rectal biopsy
  3. Change to a soy-based formula
  4. Observe
  5. Order an upper gastrointestinal series
A
  1. Arrange for a rectal biopsy
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14
Q

Infant rumination best responds to:

  1. Anticholinergics
  2. Soy formula
  3. NG tube feedings
  4. Frequent holding and social interaction
  5. PPI therapy
A
  1. Frequent holding and social interaction
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15
Q

A 4-week old baby has persistent unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Most likely diagnosis:

  1. Gilbert’s Syndrome
  2. Biliary Atresia
  3. A1AT deficiency
  4. Inspissated bile syndrome
  5. Physiologic jaundice
A
  1. Gilbert’s Syndrome
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16
Q

The most common indication for liver transplantation in children is:

  1. Acetaminophen overdose
  2. Fulminant Hepatic Failure
  3. Biliary Atresia
  4. Autoimmune Hepatitis
  5. Wilson’s Disease
A
  1. Biliary Atresia
17
Q

8-year old immigrant from Thailand presents with bloodwork: HBsAg –ve, HBsAb +ve How do you interpret the bloodwork?

  1. Hepatitis B Immune
  2. Chronic Active Infection
  3. Seroconversion
  4. Cleared infection long ago
  5. Mutant Hepatitis B
A
  1. Hepatitis B Immune
  2. Cleared infection long ago

(could be either)

18
Q

14 year old boy from Rwanda with elevated ALT. Labs below. Diagnosis? HBsAg +ve, HBsAb +ve, HBeAg +ve, HBeAb -ve

  1. Hepatitis B Immune
  2. Chronic Active Infection
  3. Seroconversion
  4. Cleared infection long ago
  5. Mutant Hepatitis B
A
  1. Chronic Active Infection
19
Q

Same boy returns 6 months later. Labs below. Diagnosis? HBsAg -ve, HBsAb +ve, HBeAg -ve, HBeAb +ve, HBcAb +ve

  1. Hepatitis B Immune
  2. Chronic Active Infection
  3. Seroconversion
  4. Cleared infection long ago
  5. Mutant Hepatitis B
A
  1. Seroconversion
20
Q

A 12-year old boy with chronic transaminase elevation and hyperechogenic liver. The most likely diagnosis is:

  1. Autoimmune Hepatitis
  2. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
  3. Wilson’s Disease
  4. Hepatitis B infection
  5. Recurrent Viral Myositis
A
  1. Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Hamilton 2020 Questions (29 decks)

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