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Pediatrics > General Pediatrics > Flashcards

General Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

what is the recommended periodicity of well-child care?

A

newborn (3-5 days after d/c)
2 weeks
1mo
2mo
4mo
6mo
9mo
12mo
15mo
18mo
24mo
30mo
36mo
then annually

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2
Q

at what age should children be unclothed during a physical exam?

A

children less than 3 yrs

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3
Q

in which patients should nutritional history and weight be considered?

A

all patients

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4
Q

in which patients should recumbent length be considered?

A

through age 2

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5
Q

in which patients should height and body mass index be considered?

A

after age 2

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6
Q

in which patients should head circumference be considered?

A

through age 3

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7
Q

what is considered inadequate physical growth/failure to thrive? (2)

A

weight for age below 5th percentile
OR
weight for age crosses 2 major percentile lines

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8
Q

what are 3 complications of abnormal growth?

A

short stature
behavior problems
developmental delay

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9
Q

how is failure to thrive diagnosed in the majority of cases?

A

history

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10
Q

what should be done if there is no record of immunizations?

A

restart vaccine series

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11
Q

what should be done if patient misses 3rd vaccine of a series and comes in a year later?

A

give 3rd vaccine, do not have to restart

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12
Q

what is the growing rate of a baby during the first 6 months?

A

1 ounce/day

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13
Q

when should birth weight double?

A

at 5 months

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14
Q

what is the growing rate of a baby from 6-12 months?

A

3-5 ounces/week

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15
Q

when should solids be introduced?

A

4-6 months

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16
Q

when should the newborn exam be done?

A

24 hrs after birth + 24 hrs prior to d/c

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17
Q

what should we look for during the newborn exam? (4)

A

anomalies
birth injuries
jaundice
cardiopulmonary disorders

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18
Q

what are 5 risk factors for sepsis?

A

maternal fever during intrapartum
membrane rupture over 18 hrs
delivery at less than 37 weeks
chorioamnionitis
maternal group B strep

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19
Q

what is the range for RR in neonates?

A

35-60 breaths/min

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20
Q

what is the range for HR in neonates?

A

120-160 beats/min

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21
Q

when do most newborns regain their birth weight?

A

10-14 days

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22
Q

by how much does birth weight increase at 6 months of age?

A

2x birth weight

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23
Q

by how much does birth weight increase at 12 months of age?

A

3x birth weight

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24
Q

weight below 10% for age

A

small for gestational age (SGA)

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25
Q

weight 10th-90th percentile for age

A

average for gestational age (AGA)

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26
Q

weight above 90th percentile for age

A

large for gestational age (LGA)

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27
Q

what is a common skin appearance during the first few days after delivery?

A

acrocyanosis

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28
Q

when is jaundice a normal occurance?

A

during the 1st 24 hours after birth

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29
Q

what is the language development?

A

2mo - coos
6mo - babbles
12mo - first word (1)
18mo - 4-20 words
24mo - 2 word sentences
3 yrs - 75% comprehensible
4 yrs - 100% comprehensible

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30
Q

at what ages is speech, language, and articulation similar to adult pattern?

A

7-8 years

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31
Q

what age should babies have head control?

A

3 months

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32
Q

what age should babies be able to roll over?

A

4 months

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33
Q

what age should babies sit independently?

A

6 months

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34
Q

what age should babies being crawling and pull to stand?

A

9 months

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35
Q

what age should babies walk?

A

12 months

36
Q

what age should babies climb stairs and run?

A

18 months

37
Q

what age should babies be able to kick a ball?

A

24 months

38
Q

what age should babies begin laughing?

A

3 months

39
Q

what age should babies reach and feed self?

A

6 months

40
Q

what age should babies indicate wants and grasp?

A

9 months

41
Q

what age should babies imitate and follow 1 step commands?

A

12 months

42
Q

what age should babies scribble and feed self with spoon?

A

18 months

43
Q

what age should babies follow 2 step commands and know how to wash/dry hands?

A

24 months

44
Q

what age should babies be potty trained?

A

24-36 months

45
Q

what age should babies be able to dress with supervision?

A

36 months

46
Q

what is the average weight and height of a 30 month old child?

A

30 pounds
30 inches tall

47
Q

what is the average weight and height of a 4 year old child?

A

40 pounds
40 inches tall

48
Q

at what age should visual acuity test start?

A

36 months (3 yrs)

49
Q

at what age should audiometric screening start?

A

48 months (4 yrs)

50
Q

at what age should tuberculosis screen start?

A

12 months +

51
Q

at what ages should anemia screen be done?

A

12 months
24 months

52
Q

at what age range should lead poisoning screenings be done?

A

24 mo - 6 yrs

53
Q

at what age ranges should hyperlipidemia screenings be done?

A

9-11 yrs
18-21 yrs

54
Q

at what age range should HIV screenings be done?

A

16-18 yrs

55
Q

what kinds of health care are “protected” for teens?

A

sex and drugs

56
Q

what is the psychosocial assessment used for teens?

A

Strengths
School
Home
Activities
Drugs/substance abuse
Emotions/eating
Sexuality
Safety

57
Q

at what age range is mental health screening required?

A

12-18 years

58
Q

what vaccine is required at birth?

A

“Hep B for birth”

Hepatitis B

59
Q

what vaccines are required at 2 and 6 months?

A

“2 B DR HIP in 6 months”

B (Hepatitis B)
DTap
Rotavirus
Haemophilus influenza B
Inactivated polio
Pneumococcal (PCV)

60
Q

what vaccines are required in 1-1.5 year olds?

A

“1 MAD HPV”

MMR
A (Hep A)
DTap
Haemophilus flu B
Pneumococcal (PCV)
Varicella

61
Q

what vaccines are required in 4-6 year olds?

A

“VERY DIM between 4-6pm”

Varicella
DTap
Inactivated Polio
MMR

62
Q

what vaccines are required in 11-12 year olds?

A

“Tada! at 11-12, HUMANS become MEN”

Tdap
HPV
Meningococcal

63
Q

what vaccines are required in 16-18 year olds?

A

“MEN get boosted at 16-18”

meningococcal

64
Q

a patient presents with mild fever, GI upset, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, hepatomegaly, abnormal LFTs.

A

Hepatitis B

65
Q

what may chronic hep B lead to? (2)

A

cirrhosis
hepatocellular carcinoma

66
Q

what is the most important cause of severe viral gastroenteritis in the ped population worldwide?

A

rotavirus

67
Q

a patient presents with fever, vomiting, and watery diarrhea. Dx? Treatment?

A

rotavirus
hydration + good hygiene

68
Q

spread by respiratory droplets via coughing and sneezing. A patient presents with sore throat, mild fever, hoarseness, malaise, and obstructive membrane. Dx?

A

diphtheria

69
Q

what is the treatment for diphtheria?

A

antitoxin within 48 hours

IV/IM penicillin G
OR
erythromycin + 14 days isolation

70
Q

patient presents with history of URI 2 weeks ago, has a staccato cough with inspiratory whoop and post-tussive vomiting. Dx? Treatment?

A

pertussis (whooping cough)
erythromycin

71
Q

what is a common manifestation of pertussis in infants less than 6 months old?

A

apnea

72
Q

what is the clinical diagnosis for pertussis (whooping cough)?

A

cough > 14 days with paroxysms, whoop, or post-tussive vomiting

73
Q

what is the gold standard diagnosis for pertussis?

A

culture from nasopharyngeal swab

74
Q

a child presents with hypertonicity, spasms of regional muscles, and trismus. Dx?

A

tetanus

75
Q

a newborn presents with irritability, inability to nurse, jaw stiffness, dysphagia, hyperreflexia, and extreme rigidity. Dx?

A

tetanus

76
Q

pre-vaccine that used to be the most common cause of serious invasive bacterial disease in children like meningitis, acute epiglottitis, septic arthritis, and cellulitis

A

H. flu type B

77
Q

is now the most common bacterial cause of invasive bacterial infections like meningitis, sepsis, and sinusitis.

A

strep pneumo

78
Q

patient presents with new muscle pain, weakness, and paralysis. Dx?

A

polio

79
Q

patient presents with fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, Koplik’s spots, and a maculopapular rash that starts over the neck and trunk. Dx? Treatment?

A

measles (rubeola)
supportive tx

80
Q

patient presents with pain and swelling in front of the ear and below the ear. Dx? Treatment?

A

mumps (parotitis)
supportive tx

81
Q

what is a common complication of mumps (parotitis)?

A

orchitis

82
Q

patient presents with non-specific resp symptoms, maculopapular erythematous rash beginning on the face and progressing to the toes. Dx? treatment?

A

rubella (german measles)
supportive tx

83
Q

can lead to miscarriage, fetal death, and congenital anomalies like hearing loss, congenital cataracts, heart disease, and purpuric rash (blueberry muffin face)

A

congenital rubella

84
Q

a patient presents with generalized, pruritic, vesicular rash in varying stages that look like dew drops on a rose petal. It started on the trunk and spread to face and extremities. Dx? treatment?

A

varicella (chicken pox)
supportive tx

85
Q

a patient presents with fever, malaise, jaundice, headache, abdominal pain and vomiting, dark colored urine, and light colored stools. Dx?

A

hepatitis A

86
Q

virus that induces tumors and is associated with cervical cancer

A

human papilloma virus (HPV)

Pediatrics (6 decks)

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