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General Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

what is the recommended periodicity of well-child care?

A

newborn (3-5 days after d/c)
2 weeks
1mo
2mo
4mo
6mo
9mo
12mo
15mo
18mo
24mo
30mo
36mo
then annually

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2
Q

at what age should children be unclothed during a physical exam?

A

children less than 3 yrs

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3
Q

in which patients should nutritional history and weight be considered?

A

all patients

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4
Q

in which patients should recumbent length be considered?

A

through age 2

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5
Q

in which patients should height and body mass index be considered?

A

after age 2

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6
Q

in which patients should head circumference be considered?

A

through age 3

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7
Q

what is considered inadequate physical growth/failure to thrive? (2)

A

weight for age below 5th percentile
OR
weight for age crosses 2 major percentile lines

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8
Q

what are 3 complications of abnormal growth?

A

short stature
behavior problems
developmental delay

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9
Q

how is failure to thrive diagnosed in the majority of cases?

A

history

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10
Q

what should be done if there is no record of immunizations?

A

restart vaccine series

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11
Q

what should be done if patient misses 3rd vaccine of a series and comes in a year later?

A

give 3rd vaccine, do not have to restart

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12
Q

what is the growing rate of a baby during the first 6 months?

A

1 ounce/day

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13
Q

when should birth weight double?

A

at 5 months

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14
Q

what is the growing rate of a baby from 6-12 months?

A

3-5 ounces/week

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15
Q

when should solids be introduced?

A

4-6 months

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16
Q

when should the newborn exam be done?

A

24 hrs after birth + 24 hrs prior to d/c

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17
Q

what should we look for during the newborn exam? (4)

A

anomalies
birth injuries
jaundice
cardiopulmonary disorders

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18
Q

what are 5 risk factors for sepsis?

A

maternal fever during intrapartum
membrane rupture over 18 hrs
delivery at less than 37 weeks
chorioamnionitis
maternal group B strep

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19
Q

what is the range for RR in neonates?

A

35-60 breaths/min

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20
Q

what is the range for HR in neonates?

A

120-160 beats/min

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21
Q

when do most newborns regain their birth weight?

A

10-14 days

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22
Q

by how much does birth weight increase at 6 months of age?

A

2x birth weight

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23
Q

by how much does birth weight increase at 12 months of age?

A

3x birth weight

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24
Q

weight below 10% for age

A

small for gestational age (SGA)

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25
weight 10th-90th percentile for age
average for gestational age (AGA)
26
weight above 90th percentile for age
large for gestational age (LGA)
27
what is a common skin appearance during the first few days after delivery?
acrocyanosis
28
when is jaundice a normal occurance?
during the 1st 24 hours after birth
29
what is the language development?
2mo - coos **6mo - babbles** **12mo - first word (1)** 18mo - 4-20 words **24mo - 2 word sentences** 3 yrs - 75% comprehensible 4 yrs - 100% comprehensible
30
at what ages is speech, language, and articulation similar to adult pattern?
7-8 years
31
what age should babies have head control?
3 months
32
what age should babies be able to roll over?
4 months
33
what age should babies sit independently?
6 months
34
what age should babies being crawling and pull to stand?
9 months
35
what age should babies walk?
12 months
36
what age should babies climb stairs and run?
18 months
37
what age should babies be able to kick a ball?
24 months
38
what age should babies begin laughing?
3 months
39
what age should babies reach and feed self?
6 months
40
what age should babies indicate wants and grasp?
9 months
41
what age should babies imitate and follow 1 step commands?
12 months
42
what age should babies scribble and feed self with spoon?
18 months
43
what age should babies follow 2 step commands and know how to wash/dry hands?
24 months
44
what age should babies be potty trained?
24-36 months
45
what age should babies be able to dress with supervision?
36 months
46
what is the average weight and height of a 30 month old child?
30 pounds 30 inches tall
47
what is the average weight and height of a 4 year old child?
40 pounds 40 inches tall
48
at what age should visual acuity test start?
36 months (3 yrs)
49
at what age should audiometric screening start?
48 months (4 yrs)
50
at what age should tuberculosis screen start?
12 months +
51
at what ages should anemia screen be done?
12 months 24 months
52
at what age range should lead poisoning screenings be done?
24 mo - 6 yrs
53
at what age ranges should hyperlipidemia screenings be done?
9-11 yrs 18-21 yrs
54
at what age range should HIV screenings be done?
16-18 yrs
55
what kinds of health care are "protected" for teens?
sex and drugs
56
what is the psychosocial assessment used for teens?
Strengths School Home Activities Drugs/substance abuse Emotions/eating Sexuality Safety
57
at what age range is mental health screening required?
12-18 years
58
what vaccine is required at birth?
**"Hep B for birth"** Hepatitis B
59
what vaccines are required at 2 and 6 months?
**"2 B DR HIP in 6 months"** B (Hepatitis B) DTap Rotavirus Haemophilus influenza B Inactivated polio Pneumococcal (PCV)
60
what vaccines are required in 1-1.5 year olds?
**"1 MAD HPV"** MMR A (Hep A) DTap Haemophilus flu B Pneumococcal (PCV) Varicella
61
what vaccines are required in 4-6 year olds?
**"VERY DIM between 4-6pm"** Varicella DTap Inactivated Polio MMR
62
what vaccines are required in 11-12 year olds?
**"Tada! at 11-12, HUMANS become MEN"** Tdap HPV Meningococcal
63
what vaccines are required in 16-18 year olds?
**"MEN get boosted at 16-18"** meningococcal
64
a patient presents with mild fever, GI upset, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea, jaundice, hepatomegaly, abnormal LFTs.
Hepatitis B
65
what may chronic hep B lead to? (2)
cirrhosis hepatocellular carcinoma
66
what is the most important cause of severe viral gastroenteritis in the ped population worldwide?
rotavirus
67
a patient presents with fever, vomiting, and watery diarrhea. Dx? Treatment?
rotavirus hydration + good hygiene
68
spread by respiratory droplets via coughing and sneezing. A patient presents with sore throat, mild fever, hoarseness, malaise, and obstructive membrane. Dx?
diphtheria
69
what is the treatment for diphtheria?
antitoxin within 48 hours IV/IM penicillin G OR erythromycin + 14 days isolation
70
patient presents with history of URI 2 weeks ago, has a staccato cough with inspiratory whoop and post-tussive vomiting. Dx? Treatment?
pertussis (whooping cough) erythromycin
71
what is a common manifestation of pertussis in infants less than 6 months old?
apnea
72
what is the clinical diagnosis for pertussis (whooping cough)?
cough > 14 days with paroxysms, whoop, or post-tussive vomiting
73
what is the gold standard diagnosis for pertussis?
culture from nasopharyngeal swab
74
a child presents with hypertonicity, spasms of regional muscles, and trismus. Dx?
tetanus
75
a newborn presents with irritability, inability to nurse, jaw stiffness, dysphagia, hyperreflexia, and extreme rigidity. Dx?
tetanus
76
pre-vaccine that used to be the most common cause of serious invasive bacterial disease in children like meningitis, acute epiglottitis, septic arthritis, and cellulitis
H. flu type B
77
is now the most common bacterial cause of invasive bacterial infections like meningitis, sepsis, and sinusitis.
strep pneumo
78
patient presents with new muscle pain, weakness, and paralysis. Dx?
polio
79
patient presents with fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, Koplik's spots, and a maculopapular rash that starts over the neck and trunk. Dx? Treatment?
measles (rubeola) supportive tx
80
patient presents with pain and swelling in front of the ear and below the ear. Dx? Treatment?
mumps (parotitis) supportive tx
81
what is a common complication of mumps (parotitis)?
orchitis
82
patient presents with non-specific resp symptoms, maculopapular erythematous rash beginning on the face and progressing to the toes. Dx? treatment?
rubella (german measles) supportive tx
83
can lead to miscarriage, fetal death, and congenital anomalies like hearing loss, congenital cataracts, heart disease, and purpuric rash (blueberry muffin face)
congenital rubella
84
a patient presents with generalized, pruritic, vesicular rash in varying stages that look like dew drops on a rose petal. It started on the trunk and spread to face and extremities. Dx? treatment?
varicella (chicken pox) supportive tx
85
a patient presents with fever, malaise, jaundice, headache, abdominal pain and vomiting, dark colored urine, and light colored stools. Dx?
hepatitis A
86
virus that induces tumors and is associated with cervical cancer
human papilloma virus (HPV)

Pediatrics (6 decks)

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