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Pediatrics > Child Abuse > Flashcards

Child Abuse Flashcards

1
Q

any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation; or an act or failure to act, which presents an imminent risk of serious hard.

A

child maltreatment

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2
Q

what are the 5 types of child maltreatment?

A

physical abuse
sexual abuse
medical child abuse
emotional abuse
neglect

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3
Q

what is the most common combination of child maltreatment?

A

neglect + physical abuse

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4
Q

who is most likely to commit child maltreatment?

A

parents

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5
Q

who is a mandated reported in texas?

A

everyone

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6
Q

when can someone report physical abuse, sexual abuse, or neglect?

A

when it is suspected

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7
Q

when can a mandatory reporter be committing an offense? what is it lawfully considered?

A

if knowingly fails to make a report
class A misdemeanor

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8
Q

why is making anonymous reports no longer allowed?

A

CPS cannot tell family
giving name and position adds credibility

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9
Q

what is the most common form of child maltreatment?

A

neglect

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10
Q

is an act of omission and not tangible

A

neglect

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11
Q

is an act of commission and tangible

A

abuse

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12
Q

neglect of inadequate food, clothing, shelter, and hygiene

A

physical neglect

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13
Q

failure to provide prescribed medical care/treatment and failure to seek appropriate medical care in a timely manner

A

medical neglect

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14
Q

failure to provide age-appropriate supervision

A

supervisory neglec

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15
Q

failure to provide adequate nurturance or affection, psychological support, and allowing children to use drugs / alcohol

A

psychological / emotional neglect

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16
Q

in homes with domestic violence, children are physical abused and neglected at a rate _____ times higher than the national average

A

15

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17
Q

any non-accidental or inflicted physical injury

A

physical abuse

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18
Q

what is the most fatal form of abuse?

A

abusive head trauma

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19
Q

what is the 2nd most fatal form of abuse?

A

abdominal trauma

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20
Q

what is the most common presentation of physical abuse?

A

cutaneous injuries

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21
Q

a minor, detectable and poorly explained injury that is often missed

A

sentinel injury

22
Q

bruising anywhere on an _____ infant is concerning for physical abuse

A

immobile

23
Q

a gray-blue macule with indefinite borders what is most frequently on the sacral-gluteal region

A

congenital dermal melanosis

24
Q

what is the evaluation of bruises that would indicate abuse?

A

TEN FACES-P

Torso
Ears
Neck

Frenulum
Angle of jaw
Cheek
Eyelids
Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Patterned injury

25
Q

cell mediated delayed hypersensitivity reaction that shows up as a erythematous macule +/- bulla; caused by lemons, dill, parsley, and carrots.

A

phytophotodermatitis

26
Q

accidental injuries are RARELY _____

A

patterned

27
Q

caused by a basal skull fracture or forehead contusion that mimics an injury resulting from direct periorbital trauma from physical abuse

A

periorbital ecchymosis

28
Q

what is the most common agent for both accidental and inflicted burns?

A

scalding by hot liquid

29
Q

what are abusive burns most commonly due to?

A

immersion in hot tap water

30
Q

how are abusive and accidental burns different?

A

abusive burns are symmetric w/ sharp demarcations, usually without splash marks

accidental burns are smaller, less severe, without a pattern, and with an irregular depth

31
Q

what is the most common skin infection worldwide?

A

impetigo

32
Q

usually on the face, preceding break in skin, and occurs with regional adenopathy

A

non-bollous impetigo

33
Q

caused by staph aureus, anywhere on the body, no preceding break in skin

A

bullous impetigo

34
Q

ulcerative, goes through epidermis to deep into into dermis, and appears a punched out lesions, yellow crust, and raised red borders

A

ecthyma impetigo

35
Q

what is ecthyma impetigo mistaken as?

A

cigarette burn

36
Q

appears as a diamond shaped lesion, with linear borders lined up with diaper edge, and spars the skin folds

A

laxative induced burns

37
Q

what causes laxative induced burns?

A

exposure of skin to diarrhea induced by ex-lax (senna)

38
Q

what 5 types of fractures have a high specificity for abuse?

A

rib fractures (esp. posteromedial)
classic metaphyseal lesions
scapular fractures
spinous process fractures
sternal fractures

39
Q

fracture that occurs in the immature end of the bone via twisting, pulling, yanking, or shaking.

A

classic metaphyseal lesions (bucket handle)

40
Q

what 3 types of fractures are common but low specificity for abuse?

A

clavicular fracture
long bone shaft
linear skull fracture

41
Q

whole head acceleration or deceleration +/- impact

A

inertial brain injury

42
Q

when does a child need further medical evaluation?

A

any injury in a child 0-6 months

43
Q

which children are the highest priority?

A

infants under 2 years

44
Q

which children are the 2nd highest priority?

A

preschool children (5 years and under)

45
Q

what is the medical evaluation for fractures in all children 24 months and under?

A

complete skeletal survey (series of 22 xrays)

46
Q

what is the medical evaluation for intra-abdominal injuries?

A

abdominal/pelvis CT with contrast

47
Q

what is the medical evaluation for intracranial injuries in all children 6 months and under?

A

head CT w/out contrast

48
Q

what is the medical evaluation for intracranial injuries if abnormal head CT?

A

MRI brain w/out contrast

49
Q

what is the medical evaluation for intracranial injuries if intracranial blood present?

A

ophthalmology exam

50
Q

what is the most important evidence that sexual abuse or assault has occurred?

A

child’s disclosure

51
Q

what should documentation be done for sexual abuse?

A

in patient’s own words

52
Q

what is the most common finding in sexual abuse?

A

normal physical exam

Pediatrics (6 decks)

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