general osteology Flashcards
(49 cards)
what makes up the skeletal system
bones, cartilages, joints
what is the diff btw osteology and arthrology
osteo;study of b
arthrology; study of joints
what are the classes of bones
long, short, flat and irregular
what is the name for a living skeleton (human) and a non-living skeleton (insects)
living; endoskeleton
non-living ; exoskeleton
what are the functions of b (6)
support protection acts as a lever (w m.) for mvt storage/release area for minerals blood cell formation (RBCs) triglyceride storage (Yellow b. marrow)
what are the types of ossification
endochondral and intramembranous
what is endochondral ossification
bone forms by replacement of hyaline cartilage (long b. of the extremities)
what is intramembranous ossification
forms directly in the matrix by increasing growth of collagenous fibers (flat b. of the skull and face)
what is bone tissue
a complex and dynamic living tissue that is constantly remodeling and is several tissues working together; osseous, caritlage, dense ct, epi, adipose and nervous
what is the precursor cell to bone and what does it turn into and so on
osteoprogenitor cell becomes an osteoblast (forms b. extracellular matrix) and then an osteocyte (maintains b. tissue)
what is an osteoclasts from white blood cell lineage
functions in resorption,
the breakdown of b. and extracellular matrix
what are the general features of b
diaphysis epiphysis metaphyses (epiphyseal plate) articular cartilage periosteum medullary cavity endosteum
what is observed at the surface of a bone, but can extend deeper, makes up most of the diaphysis and looks dense to the naked eye but is quite porous microscopically
compact b
t/f is compact b resistant to stresses but not weight and movement bearing mvt (
false they are resistant to it (offers protection and support)
what are the parts of compact b. tissue (9)
- osteons (structural unit),
- osteonic canal,
- concentric lamellae (rings that make up osteons),
- lacunae (space btw lamellae, contain osteocytes),
- canaliculi (canals to join up diff osteocytes),
- interstitial lamellae (fills in gaps),
- interosteonic canals (inbtw osteons),
- circumferential lamellae (goes around entire circumference of shaft)
- sharpey’s fibers (anchored to the b)
what are the 2 layers of periosteum
fibrous (outter layer)
osteogenic (inner layer)
what are called fibrous mem that surround complete bone and covers diaphysis but not bone ends at articular cartilage
periosteum
what is another name for trabecular bone
cancellous or spongy bone
what kind of bone is located in the interior of the bone, and doesn’t contain osteons
spongy bone
what is contained inside the trabeculae of spongy bone and how would you describe it
- concentric lamellae, osteocytes, lacunae, canaliculi
- lamellae arranged in an irregular pattern of thin columns
what are spaces in btw the trabeculae filled with in spongy bone
red bone marrow (blood cell production) or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue)
periosteal arteries enter ___ thru ___ and supply ____ and outer part of ___ b.
diaphysis, interosteonic canals, periosteum, compact
nutrient arteries enter near center of ___ via oblique angled hole called ___ foramen with path always __ from the dominant ___ end of the b
diaphysis nutrient
away growth
finish phrase; __ to the ___ and __ the ___
go to the elbow and flee the knee
