general osteology Flashcards by Victoria Beliveau

what makes up the skeletal system

bones, cartilages, joints

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the diff btw osteology and arthrology

osteo;study of b

arthrology; study of joints

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the classes of bones

long, short, flat and irregular

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the name for a living skeleton (human) and a non-living skeleton (insects)

living; endoskeleton

non-living ; exoskeleton

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the functions of b (6)

support
protection
acts as a lever (w m.) for mvt
storage/release area for minerals
blood cell formation (RBCs)
triglyceride storage (Yellow b. marrow)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the types of ossification

endochondral and intramembranous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is endochondral ossification

bone forms by replacement of hyaline cartilage (long b. of the extremities)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is intramembranous ossification

forms directly in the matrix by increasing growth of collagenous fibers (flat b. of the skull and face)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is bone tissue

a complex and dynamic living tissue that is constantly remodeling and is several tissues working together; osseous, caritlage, dense ct, epi, adipose and nervous

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the precursor cell to bone and what does it turn into and so on

osteoprogenitor cell becomes an osteoblast (forms b. extracellular matrix) and then an osteocyte (maintains b. tissue)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is an osteoclasts from white blood cell lineage

functions in resorption,

the breakdown of b. and extracellular matrix

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the general features of b

diaphysis
epiphysis
metaphyses (epiphyseal plate)
articular cartilage
periosteum
medullary cavity
endosteum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is observed at the surface of a bone, but can extend deeper, makes up most of the diaphysis and looks dense to the naked eye but is quite porous microscopically

compact b

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

t/f is compact b resistant to stresses but not weight and movement bearing mvt (

false they are resistant to it (offers protection and support)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the parts of compact b. tissue (9)

osteons (structural unit),
osteonic canal,
concentric lamellae (rings that make up osteons),
lacunae (space btw lamellae, contain osteocytes),
canaliculi (canals to join up diff osteocytes),
interstitial lamellae (fills in gaps),
interosteonic canals (inbtw osteons),
circumferential lamellae (goes around entire circumference of shaft)
sharpey’s fibers (anchored to the b)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the 2 layers of periosteum

fibrous (outter layer)

osteogenic (inner layer)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are called fibrous mem that surround complete bone and covers diaphysis but not bone ends at articular cartilage

periosteum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is another name for trabecular bone

cancellous or spongy bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what kind of bone is located in the interior of the bone, and doesn’t contain osteons

spongy bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is contained inside the trabeculae of spongy bone and how would you describe it

concentric lamellae, osteocytes, lacunae, canaliculi

- lamellae arranged in an irregular pattern of thin columns

what are spaces in btw the trabeculae filled with in spongy bone

red bone marrow (blood cell production) or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue)

periosteal arteries enter ___ thru ___ and supply ____ and outer part of ___ b.

diaphysis, interosteonic canals, periosteum, compact

nutrient arteries enter near center of ___ via oblique angled hole called ___ foramen with path always __ from the dominant ___ end of the b

diaphysis nutrient

away growth

finish phrase; __ to the ___ and __ the ___

go to the elbow and flee the knee

metaphyseal a. arise from __ around associated ___

arteries joint

epiphyseal a. arise from arteries around associated ___

joint

which a. supplies the medullary cavity

nutrient a.

what are the 4 stages of b. formation

- initial formation in embryo and fetus - general growth thru infancy, childhood and early adulthood - bone remodeling thru life - repair (from fx) thru life

what is b. initially from and where is it found

initially from mesenchyme and its found in the embryo

what is intramembranous ossification (where is it found and what are the steps)

found in flat b. (skull), most facial b. and mandible | mesenchyme to b

what is endochondral ossification (what bones are formed w this and what are the steps)

most other bones formed this way including all long bones | mesenchyme to cartilage model to b.

what are the defined steps of intramembranous ossi (4)

1-developpement of the ossification center 2-calcification 3-formation of trabeculae 4-development of the periosteum

describe developpement of the ossification center of intramembranous ossi

osteoblasts secret organic extracellular matrix

describe calcification of intramembranous ossi

calcium and other mineral salts are deposited and extracellular matrix calcifies

describe fomration of trabeculae of intramembranous ossi

extracellular matrix develops into trabeculae that fuse to form spongy b.

describe developpement of the periosteum of intramembranous ossi

mesenchyme at the periphery of the b. develops into the periosteum

what are the 6 steps of endochondral ossi

1-development of the cartilage model 2-growth of the cartilage model 3-development of the primary ossification center 4-development of the medullary cavity 5-development of the secondary ossification center 6-formation of articular cartilage and the epiphyseal growth plate

describe development of the cartilage model in endochondral ossi

mesenchymal cells develop into chondroblasts which form the cartilage model

describe growth of the cartilage model in endochondral ossi

growth occurs by cell division of chondrocytes

describe development of the primary ossification center in endochondral ossi

in this region of the diaphysis, b. tissue has replaced most of the cartilage

describe development of the medullary cavity in endochondral ossi

b. breakdown by osteoclasts forms the medullary cavity

describe development of the secondary ossification center in endochondral ossi

these occur in the epiphyses of the b

describe formation of articular cartilage and the epiphyseal growth plate in endochondral ossi

both structures consist of hyaline cartilage

what is the zone of reserve/resting cartilage of growth in length

closes to the epiphysis, consists of small scattered chondrocytes

what is the zone of proliferating cartilage of growth in length

larger chondrocytes undergo interstitial growth, divide and secrete extracellular matrix

what is the zone of hypertrophic cartilage of growth in length

large maturing chondrocytes

what is the zone of calcified cartilage of growth in length

- dead chondrocytes bc extracellular matrix has calcified - osteoclasts dissolve calcified cartilage, then osteoblasts and capillaries invade area - osteoblasts lay down b. extracellular matrix, process of endochondral ossification, new diaphysis formed as a result

what are the 4 steps of b. growth in thickness

1-ridges in periosteum create groove for periosteal blood vessel 2-periosteal ridges fuse, forming an endosteum-lined tunnel 3-osteoblasts in endosteum build new concentric lamellae inward toward center of tunnel, forming a new osteon 4-b. grows outwards as osteoblasts in periosteum build new circumferential lamellae. Osteon formation repeats as new periosteal ridges fold over blood vessels

final shape of cartilage model is determined by

``` gravitational forces (pressure epiphyses) functional forces (traction epiphyses) ```