epi tissue

Question 1

what is called the study of tissues and how they form organs

Answer 1

histology

Question 2

what are the possible forms of tissues (textures)

Answer 2

solid, semi-solid, soft or liquid

Question 3

what are the four types of tissues

Answer 3

epithelial, connective, muscular or nervous

Question 4

what embryonic connective tissue are most body tissues derived from

Answer 4

mesenchyme

Question 5

what are the 3 embryonic or germ layers and what do they resemble in shape

Answer 5

endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm
a 3d ball

Question 6

what is ectoderm

Answer 6

outer covering of the body and nervous tissue

Question 7

what is endoderm

Answer 7

forms the lining of the body and digestive tract

Question 8

what is mesoderm

Answer 8

forms everything else like m., lig, cartilage ,b. ,blood, etc.

Question 9

what is the common purpose of a group of cells

Answer 9

homeostasis

Question 10

what is epithelial tissue mostly derived from

Answer 10

endoderm but still all 3

Question 11

what are the four functions of epi tissue

Answer 11

protection, filtration, secretion, excretion

Question 12

what does protection stand for in epi tissue

Answer 12

epidermis of skin

Question 13

what does filtration stand for in epi tissue

Answer 13

membranes for nutrient absorption

Question 14

what does secretion stand for in epi tissue

Answer 14

release mucous, hormones and enzymes

Question 15

what does excretion stand for in epi tissue

Answer 15

waste products such as CO2, urine

Question 16

what are the 2 main types of epithelium and where are they located

Answer 16

surface epi; lining and covering
and glandular epi; secretory tissue in glands

Question 17

what do surface and glandular epi have in common

Answer 17

they are both closely packed cells (cellularity) with hardly any extracellular material (matrix) btw the cells

Question 18

what is the basement membrane

Answer 18

a non-cellular layer of materials which holds the epithelia to the underlying connective tissue (and gives strength to the epi)

Question 19

t/f epi tissue is vascular and most connective tissues are avascular

Answer 19

false epi is avascular and most connective tissues are vascular

Question 20

t/f epi cells have a high ability to divide for repair and renewal

Answer 20

true bc of high wear-and-tear exposure

Question 21

where does epi tissue lie in order to survive and function

Answer 21

close to tissues that do have blood supply

Question 22

t/f epi is always covered by another tissue, it never has a free surface

Answer 22

false, its rarely covered by another tissue it always has a free surface

Question 23

what are the 2 surfaces of epithelium and where is each located

Answer 23

apical surface; faces the body cavity, lumen, ducts, etc.
basal surface; deepest layer, attached to basement mem

Question 24

what are the 2 layers of the basement mem and what are their main goals

Answer 24

basal lamina (glues epi to the basement mem) and reticular lamina (helps feed to developp new cells and strengthen w collagen)

Question 25

which layer of the basement mem is closer to the epi cells and contains the proteins laminin (glue) and collagen (strength)

Answer 25

basal lamina

Question 26

which layer of the basement mem is closer to the underlying connective tissue and contains collagen which is produced by connective tissue cells (fibroblasts)

Answer 26

reticular lamina

Question 27

what are the possible shapes of epi cells (describe)

Answer 27

squamous; flat and thin cuboidal; square columnar; rectangular transitional; comprised of both squamous and cuboidal cells that form linings of the hollow organs

Question 28

what is the difference btw simple, stratified and pseudostratified epi

Answer 28

simple; simple row of cells stratified: 2 or more rows of cells with the name based on the shape of the apical layer pseudostratified: single row of cells w overlapping sizes but all attached to the basement membrane

Question 29

whta type of epi cell can be called simple as well

Answer 29

squamous, cuboidal and columnar

Question 30

whta type of epi cell can be called stratified as well

Answer 30

squamous, cuboidal, columnar and transitional

Question 31

what are the 2 subclasses of simple squamous epi

Answer 31

endothelium (lines innermost of hollow cavities) mesothelium (forms epi layer of serous mem)

Question 32

what are the functions of simple squamous epi

Answer 32

allow rapid passage of substances thru them and lines cardiovascular and lymphatic sys

Question 33

what are the functions of simple cuboidal epi and simple columnar epi

Answer 33

cuboidal: functions in secretion and absorption columnar: functions in secretion and absorption, lines digestive tract and forms the ducts of many glands

Question 34

what is a ciliated and a non-ciliated simple columnar epi

Answer 34

ciliated; the microvilli can move and propel things along non-ciliated: the microvilli can't move but their role is to increase surface area

Question 35

what are the functions of stratified squamous epi (which cells are often dead)

Answer 35

protective layer, cells replace those lost to friction (replaced by cells at the basal layer) the apical cells (further from the blood so they die)

Question 36

what is the difference btw keratinized and non-keratinized stratified squamous epi

Answer 36

keratinized: contains protein keratin; tough and water resistant (intended to stay dry like skin) non-keratinized: found on wet surfaces subject to wear and tear (intended to remain moist)

Question 37

why are stratified columnar and cuboidal epi rare

Answer 37

because the apical layer is rarely cuboidal or columnar

Question 38

where is stratified transitional epi found, why is it transitional and what types of epi is it mostly seen as,

Answer 38

found in hollow organs, bc w the expansion of the organ, the cells slide and flatten mostly columnar and cuboidal w some squamous

Question 39

what layers make up an epithelial mem and what two types of epi mem exist

Answer 39

layer of epithelium and a layer of connective tissue mucous mem (inner lining) and serous mem (outer protective envelope)

Question 40

what is mucous mem (function, general location, name of connective tissue)

Answer 40

secretes mucous to keep linings moist found in hollow organs and tracts connective tissue is the lamina propria

Question 41

what is serous mem (function, general location, name of 2 sublayers)

Answer 41

secrets fluid for lubrification line the hollow body cavities mostly in the abdominopelvic cavity, also found in thoracic cavity and covers many of the viscera visceral and parietal layer

Question 42

what is glandular epi (function, description, what are the 2 subdivision)

Answer 42

secretion it is glands developed from specialized epi exocrine (secreted onto a surface), endocrine (secreted into the blood)

Question 43

what will endocrine glands always secrete

Answer 43

hormones directly into the blood (the gland's duct has lost contact with the epithelium)