general orientation to human anatomy Pg.27 Flashcards
Anatomy
the study of the structure of the human body
physiology
the study of the function of the human body
Regional anatomy
the study of particular areas of the body ex. head or leg
systemic anatomy
the study of the organ systems
how many organ systems are there
11
reproductive, respiratory, digestive, urinary, skeletal, endocrine, nervous, lymphatic, cardiovascular, muscular, integumentary
female reproductive system principal organs
ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
Male reproductive system principal organs
testes, epididymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, prostate glad, bulbourethral glands, penis
digestive system principal organs
teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas
urinary system principal organs
kidneys, uterus, urinary, bladder, urethra
respiratory system principal organs
nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
lymphatic system principal organs
lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, thymus, spleen, tonsils
integumentary system principal organs
skin, hair, nails. cutaneous glands
skeletal system principal organs
bones, cartilage, ligaments
muscular system principal organs
skeletal muscles
nervous system principal organs
brain, spinal cord, nerves, gangila
endocrine system principal organs
PITUITARY GLAND, PINEAL GLAND, THYROID GLAD, parathyroid glands, thymus, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes, ovaries
circulatory system principal organs
heart blood vessels
integumentary system functions
protection, water retention, thermoregulation, vitamin d synthesis, cutaneous sensation, nonverbal communication
skeletal system functions
support movement, protect organs, blood formation, mineral storage
muscular system functions
movement, stability, communication, control of body openings, heat production
nervous system functions
rapid internal communication, coordination, motor control, and sensation
endocrine system functions
hormone production, internal chemical communication and coordination
circulatory system functions
distribution of nutrients, oxygen, wastes, hormones, electrolytes, heat, immune cells, and antibodies; fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance
lymphatic system functions
recovery of excess tissue fluid, detection of pathogens, production of immune cells, defense against diseas
respiratory system functions
absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, acid-base balance, speech
urinary system functions
elimination of wastes, regulation of blood volume and pressure, stimulation of red blood cell formation, control of fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance, detoxification
digestive system functions
nutrient break down and absorption, liver functions include metabolism of carbs, lipids, proteins, vitamins, and minerals; synthesis of plasma proteins, detoxification
male reproductive system functions
production and delivery of sex hormones
female reproductive system functions
production of eggs, site of fertilization and fetal development, fetal nourishment, birth, lactation, secretion of sex hormones
what are the two regions of the body
appendicular and axial
what does the appendicular region consist of
appendages (limbs)
what does the axial region consist of
head, neck, and trunk
what are the four quadrants of the abdomen
right upper, left upper, eight lower, left lower
What are the nine regions of the abdomen
right hypochondriac, right lumbar, right inguinal, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, left hypochondriac, left lumbar, left inguinal
Anatomical planes
sagital or median (midsagital) , frontal (coronal), transverse (horizontal)
sagital or median (midsagital)
divides the body down the middle into right and left
frontal or coronal
divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back)
transverse or horizontal
cuts the body into superior (top) and inferior (bottom)
directional terms
describe the location of one structure relative to another
ventral (anterior)
toward the from
dorsal (posterior)
toward the back
deep
toward the core
superficial
toward the surface
lateral
toward the side
medial
toward the midline
inferior
below
superior
above
distal
extremities away from the trunk
proximal
extremities near the trunk
