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Anatomy Chapter one > class week 1 > Flashcards

class week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the simplest way to examine the structure of the human body

A

inspection

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2
Q

palpitation

A

feeling structure with hands

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3
Q

auscultation

A

listening to the bodies natural sounds (heart,lungs)

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4
Q

comparative anatomy

A

the study of multiple species n order to examine similarities, differences, and to analyze evolutionary trends

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5
Q

exploratory surgery

A

opening the body and taking a look inside to see whats wrong

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6
Q

gross anatomy

A

studying the structure with the naked eye

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7
Q

histology

A

study tissue samples under microscope

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8
Q

histopathology

A

study of tissue samples under the microscope for disease

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9
Q

cytology

A

is the study of the structure and function of individual cells

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10
Q

ultrastructure

A

refers to the fine details down to the molecular level revealed by the electron microscope

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11
Q

comparative physiology

A

study of different species, teaches us what we know about bodily function, used for development of new drugs and medical procedures

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12
Q

hippocrates

A

greek father of medicine (hippocratic oath-code of medicine)

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13
Q

aristotle

A

first philosopher to write about anatomy and physiology (diseases-supernatural causes and natural causes)

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14
Q

inductive method

A

making numerous observations until one feels confident in drawing predictions from them (proved beyond reasonable doubt)

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15
Q

sample size

A

the number of subjects used in a study

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16
Q

controls

A

a control group that receives no treatment

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17
Q

theory

A

the greatest amount of info that scientists consider to be true to the best of their knowledge

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18
Q

charles darwin

A

natural selection

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19
Q

natural selection

A

is the principal theory of how everything works

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20
Q

evolution

A

means change in the genetic composition of a population of organisms

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21
Q

selection pressures

A

natural forces that promote reproductive success of some individuals more than others

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22
Q

adaptation

A

things that evolve in response to selection pressures which enables the organism to cope with the changes

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23
Q

chimpanzee

A

closest living relative to us

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24
Q

homo-sapiens

A

us

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25
Q

arboreal

A

treetop habitat

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26
Q

bipedalism

A

standing and walking on two legs

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27
Q

organism

A

human

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28
Q

organ system

A

group of organs with a unique collection function (digestive, respiratory)

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29
Q

organ

A

two or more tissues

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30
Q

tissues

A

mass of cells

31
Q

cells

A

the smallest unit of an organism

32
Q

organelles

A

microscopic structures in a cell (mitochondria, lysosomes)

33
Q

molecule

A

a particle composed of atleast two atoms

34
Q

atoms

A

the smallest particle with unique chemical identities

35
Q

proteins, fats, DNA

A

largest molecules

36
Q

reductionism

A

theory that a large complex system such as the human body can be understood by studying its simpler components

37
Q

holism

A

theory there are emergent properties of the whole organism that can not be predicted from its simpler components

38
Q

.development

A

any change in form or function over the lifetime of the organism

39
Q

differentation

A

the transformation of cells with no specialized function into cells that are committed to a particular task (the transformation of blood stem cells into white blood cells)

40
Q

growth

A

an increase in size (the change of the size as an infant matures)

41
Q

the internal state of the body is best described as a

A

dynamic equilibrium

42
Q

set point

A

average value for a given variable in which conditions fluctuate slightly

43
Q

negative feedback

A

help body maintain homeostasis

44
Q

positive feedback

A

childbirth, could be deadly

45
Q

vasodilation

A

widening of blood vessels (sweating)

46
Q

vasoconstriction

A

narrowing of blood vessels (shivering)

47
Q

receptor

A

structure that senses a change in the body

48
Q

control center

A

a mechanism that processes the info when there is a change in the body and makes a decision for the appropriate response

49
Q

effector

A

the cell or organ that carries out the corrective response when something in the body changes

50
Q

plural endings

A

pg 20

51
Q

arm

A

brachial region

52
Q

forearm

A

antebrachial region

53
Q

wrist

A

carpal region

54
Q

hand

A

manual region

55
Q

fingers and toes

A

digits

56
Q

thigh

A

femoral region

57
Q

leg

A

crural region

58
Q

ankle

A

tarsal region

59
Q

foot

A

pedal region

60
Q

cranial cavity

A

enclosed by the cranium and contains the brain

61
Q

vertebral canal

A

enclosed by the vertebral column (spine)

62
Q

meninges

A

three membrane layers that protect the delicate nervous tissue in the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity

63
Q

thoracic cavity

A

lined with thin serous membranes that secrete a lubricating film

64
Q

mediastinum (in the middle)

A

a thick wall that divides the thoracic cavity

65
Q

pericardium (peri-around)

A

two layer membrane around the heart

66
Q

visceral pericadium (inner)

A

the inner layer of the pericadium that forms the surface of the heart

67
Q

the outer layer of the pericardium

A

parietal (outer) pericardium

68
Q

the right and left sides of the of the thoracic cavity include the

A

lungs

69
Q

pleura

A

a serous 2 layer membrane around the lungs

70
Q

visceral (inner) pleura

A

forms the external surface of the lung

71
Q

Parietal pleura (outer)

A

lines the inside of the ribs

72
Q

visceral layer

A

covers an organ surface

73
Q

parietal layer

A

lines the inside of a body cavity

Anatomy Chapter one (4 decks)

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