General Organization of the Central Nervous System Flashcards
Name 2 main components of CNS.
Where does it get its input?
Where does its output go?
What are Association neurons?
What is a major (abstract) function of the brain?
What permits behavior to be modified by experience and choice?
Brain and Spinal Cord Sensory Neurons Motor Neurons Association neurons are inputs from sensory and motor neurons (maintain homeostasis in the internal environment within a changing external environment.) Nerves between nerves. The Brain learns and retains memories. Plasticity.
What 2 substances surround the CNS?
Meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid
What 2 neural phenomena develop by day 20 after conception?
Neural groove becomes the neural tube (eventually the CNS)
Neural crest is separate from the neural tube (eventually the PNS)
What are the developmental terms for the 3 swellings that develop on the anterior neural tube at week 4?
Prosencephalon (forebrain)
Mesencephalon (midbrain)
Rhombencephalon (hind brain)
By week 5, the neural development of a fetus has greatly changed from week 4. What are the new 5 regions and what 3 regions did they come from?
Telencephalon and Diencephalon from Prosencephalon.
Mesencephalon remains unchanged.
Metencephalon and Melencephalon form from the Rhombencephalon.
The 5 subcategories of the brain turn into what structures and cavities per subcategory?
Telencephalon–cerebral hemisphere & Lateral ventricle
Diencephalon–Thalamus, Hypothalamus, 3rd ventricle
Mesencephalon–Midbrain and Aqueduct
Myelencephalon–Medulla Oblongata and Lower portion of the fourth ventricle.
Which area of the brain grows disproportionately in humans? What does it cover?
Telencephalon – two huge hemispheres.
Covers the diencephalon the midbrain, and portion of the hindbrain.
The brain is somewhat hollow. What are the names of the cavities in the brain? What fills these cavities?
Brain cavities are ventricles filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
The Spinal Cord cavity is the Central Canal filled with cerebrospinal fluid. (CSF)
What is unique about the 4th ventricle?
A portion is in each “lobe” of the brain.
How much does the brain weigh?
Compare the amount of blood flow to the brain compared to its total mass.
1.5 kg.
20% if a person’s total blood flow flows through the brain every minute. While the total CNS’s weight is only 2% of its mass. (more blood flow than any other body part)
How many paired lobes are in the brain?
What structure internally connects the 2 hemispheres of the brain? What is this type of pathway called?
Gray matter is found in what areas of the telencephalon
The telencephalon is what % of the brain’s mass?
Dr Coleman says “6 paired lobes”
Corpus Callosum (large fiber tract). A Comissural pathway.
Cerebral cortex and Cerebral nuclei.
80%
Limbic Lobe means?
What 2 structures make up the Limbic Lobe
“Border”
Cingulate Gyrus
Parahippocampal Gyrus
What is the buried lobe?
Insular cortex.
The cerebral cortex is made of what and how thick?
It contains folds and grooves, what are they called?
Elevated folds?
Depressed grooves?
2 - 4 mm of gray matter and white matter just below.
Convolutions.
Elevated–Gyri (pleural), Gyrus (sing.)
Depressed–Sulci (Pleural), Sulcus (Sing)
What are the 5 primary boundaries for the five lobes?
Central Sulcus Lateral Sulcus Parietooccipital Sulcus Cingulate Sulcus Preoccipital Notch
