General Organisation Flashcards
What is another word for skull?
Cranuim
How many bones make up the skull?
22
What is shared by scalp and face?
Forehead
What are the two broad categories of facial muscles?
Facial Expression
Mastication (Chewing) so moves Jaw
How many muscles of mastication are there?
4
What are the muscles of mastication?
- Temporalis
- Medial Pteragoid
- Lateral Pteragoid
- Masseter
What nerve innervate the muscles of facial expression?
Facial nerve (Cranial nerve V!II) and branches of
What nerve innervates the muscles of mastication?
Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V)
What are the main artery and vein in face?
Facial artery and vein
What are the two main actions of muscles of facial expression?
Sphincters (round) - constrict
Dilators (Linear) - Pull
What joint do the muscles of mastication act on?
Temporomandibular joint
What are the five key extra-cranial branches of the facial (VII) nerve?
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Mandibular
- Cervical
Two Zombies Bit My Cat
What is the relationship between the parotid gland and the facial nerve?
As the facial nerve passes anterio-inferiorly to the parotid, it bifurcates intoo the five major branches.
Therefore, if the parotid gland is damaged, it can cause facial paralysis.
What are the three main branches of the trigeminal nerve?
The trigeminal nerve (Cranial nerve V) is the main sensory nerve of the face. It is also motor to muscles of mastication.
- Ophthalmic division
- Maxillary division
- Mandibular division
What branch of trigeminal nerves gives rise to the motor function of muscles of mastication?
Mandibular division
What artery is the main blood supply to head and neck?
Common carotid artery
What is the facial artery a branch of?
Common carotid > external carotid > Facial artery
What is the main vein draining the head and neck?
Internal Jugular Vein
Where does the external jugular vein run compared to the internal jugular?
It runs much more superficially
What are some key muscles of the neck?
- Platysma
- Trapezius
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Scalene muscles
- Supra-hyoids - supplied by cranial nerves
- Infra-hyoids (strap muscles)- supplied by cervical nerves
Why facial planes?
Natural planes
Ease of movement between structures - swallowing
They restrict but also permit spread of infection
What are the borders of the anterior triangle?
- Inferior margin of mandible
- Anterior margin of SCM
- Midline of neck
What structures are associated with the anterior triangle?
Structures coursing between the head and thorax
What are the borders of the posterior triangle?
- Posterior margin of SCM
- Anterior margin of trapezius
- Clavicle
What structures are associated with the posterior triangle?
Strcutures coursing between thorax / neck and the uper limb
What are the roles of the suprahyoid muscles?
- Elevate the hyoid
- Deprss the mandible
Where are the suprahyoid muscles attatched?
Situated above hyoid bone
Attatch to jaw or base of skull to hyoid bone
Where are the infrahyoid muscles?
They are ‘strap like’
Overlie the larynx and the thyroid gland
What are the roles of the infrahyoids?
Depress and stabilise hyoid
What are the borders of the carotid triangle?
- Omahyoid
- Digastric (posterior belly)
- Stermacleidomastoid
The contents of the carotid sheath are readily accessible here are they are not covered by SCM
Why are deep neck spaces important to know about as doctors?
Because infections within these spaces can occur and they can spread.
For example, a retropharyngeal abscess can potentially spead into the mediastinum and cause mediastinitus.
