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General Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 measurements/assessments used for a Nutrition assessment?

A
  1. Anthropometric measurements
  2. Protein assessment
  3. Calorie assessment
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2
Q

What is the primary focus for nutritional assessment?

A

Changes in weight

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3
Q

How do you measure IBW for men?

A

50+ (2.3 x inches over 5 foot)

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4
Q

How do you measure ideal body weight for women?

A

45.5+(2.3 x inches over 5 ft)

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5
Q

What are 2 things used for weight interpretation?

A
  1. Physical examination
  2. Fluid status
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6
Q

What is the equation for calculating BMI?

A

Weight (lb)/inches^2 x 703

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7
Q

What is the recommended dietary intake for carbohydrates?

A

4 kcal/g

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8
Q

What is the recommended dietary intake for proteins?

A

4 kcal/g

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9
Q

What is the recommended dietary intake for fats?

A

9 kcal/g

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10
Q

What 2 laboratory values are used for protein assessment?

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Pre albumin
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11
Q

What 4 things can impact protein?

A
  1. Increased fluid status
  2. Hepatic function
  3. Abnormal renal losses
  4. Abnormal GI losses
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12
Q

What is he half life for albumin?

A

2-3 weeks

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13
Q

What is the half life for pre albumin?

A

2-3 days

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14
Q

What kind of marker is albumin?

A

Chronic marker

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15
Q

What kind of marker is prealbumin?

A

Acute marker

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16
Q

What 3 things can cause a decrease in prealbumin?

A
  1. Acute malnutrition
  2. Cirrhosis
  3. Acute hepatitis
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17
Q

What are 3 impacting factors to nutritional assessment?

A
  1. Dietary intake
  2. Underlying pathology
  3. Gastrointestinal surgery
18
Q

What are 2 general deficiency states caused by malnutrition?

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Carbohydrates
19
Q

What are the 2 single nutrient deficiencies that contribute to malnutrition?

A
  1. Vitamin C
  2. Trace elements
20
Q

What are the two types of malnutrition?

A
  1. Marasmus
  2. Kwashiorkor
21
Q

What are 4 signs of malnutrition?

A
  1. Dermatitis
  2. Glossitis
  3. Cheiolosis
  4. Jaundice
22
Q

What has an Inability to clear fluids around the heart and lungs, can cause pneumonia and can be fatal?

A

Starvation

23
Q

What patients are appetite stimulants recommended for?

A

Those that are underweight or malnourished but able to tolerate oral intake

24
Q

What are the 4 therapies used for appetite stimulants?

A
  1. Mirtazapine
  2. Dronabinol
  3. Testosterone
  4. Megestrol acetate
25
Synthetic progestin that is used as an appetite stimulant
Megestrol Acetate
26
What type patients helped with finding data for the use of Megestrol acetate?
Cancer and AIDS
27
What doses are used for Megestrol acetate?
Higher doses
28
What are 2 ADEs of Megestrol acetate?
1. Thromboembolic events 2. Diabetes
29
What patient population is dronabinol approved for?
AIDS
30
When is dronabinol given?
1 hour before lunch and Dinner
31
What is a contraindication for the use of dronabinol?
Psychiatric illness
32
What does testosterone cause?
Fluid retention
33
What patients would testosterone be beneficial for?
Malnourished males with low testosterone levels
34
What does simple starvation decrease?
Insulin and glucose utilization
35
What can simple starvation increase?
1. Catecholamines 2. Gluconeogenesis
36
What are the 2 phases of stress starvation?
1. Acute 2. Adaptive
37
What is stress starvation?
Metabolic response to injury
38
How long does acute hyper metabolism last?
24-36 hrs depending on severity of injury
39
What is the caloric requirement for acute hyper metabolism?
1.5-2 times basal energy expenditure
40
What phase is when nutritional support is vital?
Adaptive hyper metabolism
41
What are 2 indications for chronic nutritional support?
1. Inability to absorb nutrients 2. Inadequate nutritional intake
42
When can short term nutritional supplementation not be used?
If patient gone without for < 5 days

GI FINAL (6 decks)

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