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GI FINAL > General Nutrition > Flashcards

General Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

What are 3 measurements/assessments used for a Nutrition assessment?

A
  1. Anthropometric measurements
  2. Protein assessment
  3. Calorie assessment
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2
Q

What is the primary focus for nutritional assessment?

A

Changes in weight

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3
Q

How do you measure IBW for men?

A

50+ (2.3 x inches over 5 foot)

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4
Q

How do you measure ideal body weight for women?

A

45.5+(2.3 x inches over 5 ft)

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5
Q

What are 2 things used for weight interpretation?

A
  1. Physical examination
  2. Fluid status
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6
Q

What is the equation for calculating BMI?

A

Weight (lb)/inches^2 x 703

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7
Q

What is the recommended dietary intake for carbohydrates?

A

4 kcal/g

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8
Q

What is the recommended dietary intake for proteins?

A

4 kcal/g

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9
Q

What is the recommended dietary intake for fats?

A

9 kcal/g

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10
Q

What 2 laboratory values are used for protein assessment?

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Pre albumin
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11
Q

What 4 things can impact protein?

A
  1. Increased fluid status
  2. Hepatic function
  3. Abnormal renal losses
  4. Abnormal GI losses
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12
Q

What is he half life for albumin?

A

2-3 weeks

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13
Q

What is the half life for pre albumin?

A

2-3 days

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14
Q

What kind of marker is albumin?

A

Chronic marker

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15
Q

What kind of marker is prealbumin?

A

Acute marker

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16
Q

What 3 things can cause a decrease in prealbumin?

A
  1. Acute malnutrition
  2. Cirrhosis
  3. Acute hepatitis
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17
Q

What are 3 impacting factors to nutritional assessment?

A
  1. Dietary intake
  2. Underlying pathology
  3. Gastrointestinal surgery
18
Q

What are 2 general deficiency states caused by malnutrition?

A
  1. Proteins
  2. Carbohydrates
19
Q

What are the 2 single nutrient deficiencies that contribute to malnutrition?

A
  1. Vitamin C
  2. Trace elements
20
Q

What are the two types of malnutrition?

A
  1. Marasmus
  2. Kwashiorkor
21
Q

What are 4 signs of malnutrition?

A
  1. Dermatitis
  2. Glossitis
  3. Cheiolosis
  4. Jaundice
22
Q

What has an Inability to clear fluids around the heart and lungs, can cause pneumonia and can be fatal?

A

Starvation

23
Q

What patients are appetite stimulants recommended for?

A

Those that are underweight or malnourished but able to tolerate oral intake

24
Q

What are the 4 therapies used for appetite stimulants?

A
  1. Mirtazapine
  2. Dronabinol
  3. Testosterone
  4. Megestrol acetate
25
Q

Synthetic progestin that is used as an appetite stimulant

A

Megestrol Acetate

26
Q

What type patients helped with finding data for the use of Megestrol acetate?

A

Cancer and AIDS

27
Q

What doses are used for Megestrol acetate?

A

Higher doses

28
Q

What are 2 ADEs of Megestrol acetate?

A
  1. Thromboembolic events
  2. Diabetes
29
Q

What patient population is dronabinol approved for?

A

AIDS

30
Q

When is dronabinol given?

A

1 hour before lunch and Dinner

31
Q

What is a contraindication for the use of dronabinol?

A

Psychiatric illness

32
Q

What does testosterone cause?

A

Fluid retention

33
Q

What patients would testosterone be beneficial for?

A

Malnourished males with low testosterone levels

34
Q

What does simple starvation decrease?

A

Insulin and glucose utilization

35
Q

What can simple starvation increase?

A
  1. Catecholamines
  2. Gluconeogenesis
36
Q

What are the 2 phases of stress starvation?

A
  1. Acute
  2. Adaptive
37
Q

What is stress starvation?

A

Metabolic response to injury

38
Q

How long does acute hyper metabolism last?

A

24-36 hrs depending on severity of injury

39
Q

What is the caloric requirement for acute hyper metabolism?

A

1.5-2 times basal energy expenditure

40
Q

What phase is when nutritional support is vital?

A

Adaptive hyper metabolism

41
Q

What are 2 indications for chronic nutritional support?

A
  1. Inability to absorb nutrients
  2. Inadequate nutritional intake
42
Q

When can short term nutritional supplementation not be used?

A

If patient gone without for < 5 days

GI FINAL (6 decks)

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