General Nutrition Flashcards
What are 3 measurements/assessments used for a Nutrition assessment?
- Anthropometric measurements
- Protein assessment
- Calorie assessment
What is the primary focus for nutritional assessment?
Changes in weight
How do you measure IBW for men?
50+ (2.3 x inches over 5 foot)
How do you measure ideal body weight for women?
45.5+(2.3 x inches over 5 ft)
What are 2 things used for weight interpretation?
- Physical examination
- Fluid status
What is the equation for calculating BMI?
Weight (lb)/inches^2 x 703
What is the recommended dietary intake for carbohydrates?
4 kcal/g
What is the recommended dietary intake for proteins?
4 kcal/g
What is the recommended dietary intake for fats?
9 kcal/g
What 2 laboratory values are used for protein assessment?
- Albumin
- Pre albumin
What 4 things can impact protein?
- Increased fluid status
- Hepatic function
- Abnormal renal losses
- Abnormal GI losses
What is he half life for albumin?
2-3 weeks
What is the half life for pre albumin?
2-3 days
What kind of marker is albumin?
Chronic marker
What kind of marker is prealbumin?
Acute marker
What 3 things can cause a decrease in prealbumin?
- Acute malnutrition
- Cirrhosis
- Acute hepatitis
What are 3 impacting factors to nutritional assessment?
- Dietary intake
- Underlying pathology
- Gastrointestinal surgery
What are 2 general deficiency states caused by malnutrition?
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
What are the 2 single nutrient deficiencies that contribute to malnutrition?
- Vitamin C
- Trace elements
What are the two types of malnutrition?
- Marasmus
- Kwashiorkor
What are 4 signs of malnutrition?
- Dermatitis
- Glossitis
- Cheiolosis
- Jaundice
What has an Inability to clear fluids around the heart and lungs, can cause pneumonia and can be fatal?
Starvation
What patients are appetite stimulants recommended for?
Those that are underweight or malnourished but able to tolerate oral intake
What are the 4 therapies used for appetite stimulants?
- Mirtazapine
- Dronabinol
- Testosterone
- Megestrol acetate
Synthetic progestin that is used as an appetite stimulant
Megestrol Acetate
What type patients helped with finding data for the use of Megestrol acetate?
Cancer and AIDS
What doses are used for Megestrol acetate?
Higher doses
What are 2 ADEs of Megestrol acetate?
- Thromboembolic events
- Diabetes
What patient population is dronabinol approved for?
AIDS
When is dronabinol given?
1 hour before lunch and Dinner
What is a contraindication for the use of dronabinol?
Psychiatric illness
What does testosterone cause?
Fluid retention
What patients would testosterone be beneficial for?
Malnourished males with low testosterone levels
What does simple starvation decrease?
Insulin and glucose utilization
What can simple starvation increase?
- Catecholamines
- Gluconeogenesis
What are the 2 phases of stress starvation?
- Acute
- Adaptive
What is stress starvation?
Metabolic response to injury
How long does acute hyper metabolism last?
24-36 hrs depending on severity of injury
What is the caloric requirement for acute hyper metabolism?
1.5-2 times basal energy expenditure
What phase is when nutritional support is vital?
Adaptive hyper metabolism
What are 2 indications for chronic nutritional support?
- Inability to absorb nutrients
- Inadequate nutritional intake
When can short term nutritional supplementation not be used?
If patient gone without for < 5 days
