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Applied Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Calories consumed per day for basic physiologic functions

A

Basal energy expenditure

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2
Q

What equation is used to calculate basal energy expenditure (BEE)?

A

Harris Benedict Equation

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3
Q

What are 5 reasons to give more nutrition than average?

A
  1. Peritonitis
  2. Trauma
  3. Sepsis or multiple traumas
  4. Burns
  5. Severe burns
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4
Q

What is the range for the basic estimated nutritional need for calories?

A

25-35 kcal/kg

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5
Q

What is the range for the basic estimated nutritional need for proteins?

A

1-2 g/kg

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6
Q

What is the range for the basic estimated nutritional need for fluids?

A

30-40 mL/kg

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7
Q

What 4 things would cause a need for a fluid adjustment?

A
  1. Gastric losses
  2. Wound drainage
  3. Ileostomy drainage
  4. GI losses
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8
Q

What are 3 medications that can induce losses of electrolytes?

A
  1. Diuretics
  2. Cisplatin
  3. Amphotericin B
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9
Q

What 3 electrolytes can renal dysfunction deplete?

A
  1. Potassium
  2. Phosphorus
  3. Sodium
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10
Q

What electrolyte can be depleted by heart failure and edema?

A

Sodium

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11
Q

What electrolyte can corticosteroids deplete?

A

Sodium

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12
Q

What vitamin can cause beriberi in infants?

A

Thiamine (B1)

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13
Q

What three things can vitamin b1 deficiencies cause?

A
  1. Beriberi
  2. Heart failure
  3. Wernickes
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14
Q

How much thiamine would you give IV to treat wernickes?

A

500 mg IV TID

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15
Q

What vitamin deficiency can cause mucositis and cheilosis?

A

Riboflavin (B2)

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16
Q

How can a deficiency in riboflavin affect the eyes?

A

Can cause photophobia and night blindness

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17
Q

What can niacin cause?

A

Pellagra

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18
Q

What is a vitamin b3 deficiency induced by?

A

Chronic isoniazid use

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19
Q

What is a common ADE of a niacin deficiency?

20
Q

What vitamin deficiency can cause nervous system changes?

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

21
Q

What medication can cause a deficiency in pyridoxine?

22
Q

What vitamin deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia?

A

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalmin)

23
Q

What should always be checked in patients with worsening mental status in the elderly?

A

Vitamin b12

24
Q

What can a folic acid deficiency cause?

A

Megaloblastic anemia

25
What is folic acid deficiency caused by?
Alcohol use
26
What 4 medications could cause a folic acid deficiency?
1. Diuretics 2. Phenytoin 3. Sulfasalazine 4. Methotrexate
27
What vitamin deficiency can cause scurvy?
Vitamin C
28
What can vitamin C can cause a decrease in?
Decreased wound healing
29
What 3 types of patients is a vitamin C deficiency seen in?
1. Elderly smokers 2. Nursing home patients 3. Those with high metabolic stress
30
What are 2 places where fat soluble vitamins are stored?
1. Liver 2. Adipose tissue
31
When are deficiencies in fat soluble vitamins seen?
If there’s a malabsorption or biliary issue
32
What deficiency can cause xeropthalmia?
Vitamin A
33
What 3 things can a retinol deficiency cause?
1. Xeropthalmia 2. Night blindness 3. Infection
34
What medication is commonly used to treat a vitamin A deficiency?
Vision-vite
35
What is the most common vitamin deficiency?
Vitamin D
36
What vitamin deficiency causes a shortening lifespan of red blood cells?
Vitamin E
37
What vitamin deficiency can cause prolonged clotting time?
Vitamin K
38
What vitamin deficiency can cause a hemorrhagic disease of a newborn?
Vitamin K
39
When is a deficiency of trace elements an issue?
1. Trauma 2. Burns 3. Severe infections
40
What trace element deficiency can cause Wilson’s disease?
Copper
41
What trace elements is commonly deficient?
Zinc
42
What does chromium cause an intolerance to?
Glucose
43
What patients are vitamin deficiencies more common in?
Elderly
44
What can lead to deficiencies in calcium and iron?
Achlorhydria
45
What 3 things can atrophic gastritis lead to deficiencies in?
1. B-6 2. B12 3. Folic acid

GI FINAL (6 decks)

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