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GI FINAL > Applied Nutrition > Flashcards

Applied Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

Calories consumed per day for basic physiologic functions

A

Basal energy expenditure

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2
Q

What equation is used to calculate basal energy expenditure (BEE)?

A

Harris Benedict Equation

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3
Q

What are 5 reasons to give more nutrition than average?

A
  1. Peritonitis
  2. Trauma
  3. Sepsis or multiple traumas
  4. Burns
  5. Severe burns
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4
Q

What is the range for the basic estimated nutritional need for calories?

A

25-35 kcal/kg

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5
Q

What is the range for the basic estimated nutritional need for proteins?

A

1-2 g/kg

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6
Q

What is the range for the basic estimated nutritional need for fluids?

A

30-40 mL/kg

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7
Q

What 4 things would cause a need for a fluid adjustment?

A
  1. Gastric losses
  2. Wound drainage
  3. Ileostomy drainage
  4. GI losses
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8
Q

What are 3 medications that can induce losses of electrolytes?

A
  1. Diuretics
  2. Cisplatin
  3. Amphotericin B
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9
Q

What 3 electrolytes can renal dysfunction deplete?

A
  1. Potassium
  2. Phosphorus
  3. Sodium
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10
Q

What electrolyte can be depleted by heart failure and edema?

A

Sodium

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11
Q

What electrolyte can corticosteroids deplete?

A

Sodium

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12
Q

What vitamin can cause beriberi in infants?

A

Thiamine (B1)

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13
Q

What three things can vitamin b1 deficiencies cause?

A
  1. Beriberi
  2. Heart failure
  3. Wernickes
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14
Q

How much thiamine would you give IV to treat wernickes?

A

500 mg IV TID

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15
Q

What vitamin deficiency can cause mucositis and cheilosis?

A

Riboflavin (B2)

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16
Q

How can a deficiency in riboflavin affect the eyes?

A

Can cause photophobia and night blindness

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17
Q

What can niacin cause?

A

Pellagra

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18
Q

What is a vitamin b3 deficiency induced by?

A

Chronic isoniazid use

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19
Q

What is a common ADE of a niacin deficiency?

A

Flushing

20
Q

What vitamin deficiency can cause nervous system changes?

A

Pyridoxine (B6)

21
Q

What medication can cause a deficiency in pyridoxine?

A

Isoniazid

22
Q

What vitamin deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia?

A

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalmin)

23
Q

What should always be checked in patients with worsening mental status in the elderly?

A

Vitamin b12

24
Q

What can a folic acid deficiency cause?

A

Megaloblastic anemia

25
Q

What is folic acid deficiency caused by?

A

Alcohol use

26
Q

What 4 medications could cause a folic acid deficiency?

A
  1. Diuretics
  2. Phenytoin
  3. Sulfasalazine
  4. Methotrexate
27
Q

What vitamin deficiency can cause scurvy?

A

Vitamin C

28
Q

What can vitamin C can cause a decrease in?

A

Decreased wound healing

29
Q

What 3 types of patients is a vitamin C deficiency seen in?

A
  1. Elderly smokers
  2. Nursing home patients
  3. Those with high metabolic stress
30
Q

What are 2 places where fat soluble vitamins are stored?

A
  1. Liver
  2. Adipose tissue
31
Q

When are deficiencies in fat soluble vitamins seen?

A

If there’s a malabsorption or biliary issue

32
Q

What deficiency can cause xeropthalmia?

A

Vitamin A

33
Q

What 3 things can a retinol deficiency cause?

A
  1. Xeropthalmia
  2. Night blindness
  3. Infection
34
Q

What medication is commonly used to treat a vitamin A deficiency?

A

Vision-vite

35
Q

What is the most common vitamin deficiency?

A

Vitamin D

36
Q

What vitamin deficiency causes a shortening lifespan of red blood cells?

A

Vitamin E

37
Q

What vitamin deficiency can cause prolonged clotting time?

A

Vitamin K

38
Q

What vitamin deficiency can cause a hemorrhagic disease of a newborn?

A

Vitamin K

39
Q

When is a deficiency of trace elements an issue?

A
  1. Trauma
  2. Burns
  3. Severe infections
40
Q

What trace element deficiency can cause Wilson’s disease?

A

Copper

41
Q

What trace elements is commonly deficient?

A

Zinc

42
Q

What does chromium cause an intolerance to?

A

Glucose

43
Q

What patients are vitamin deficiencies more common in?

A

Elderly

44
Q

What can lead to deficiencies in calcium and iron?

A

Achlorhydria

45
Q

What 3 things can atrophic gastritis lead to deficiencies in?

A
  1. B-6
  2. B12
  3. Folic acid

GI FINAL (6 decks)

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