Applied Nutrition Flashcards
Calories consumed per day for basic physiologic functions
Basal energy expenditure
What equation is used to calculate basal energy expenditure (BEE)?
Harris Benedict Equation
What are 5 reasons to give more nutrition than average?
- Peritonitis
- Trauma
- Sepsis or multiple traumas
- Burns
- Severe burns
What is the range for the basic estimated nutritional need for calories?
25-35 kcal/kg
What is the range for the basic estimated nutritional need for proteins?
1-2 g/kg
What is the range for the basic estimated nutritional need for fluids?
30-40 mL/kg
What 4 things would cause a need for a fluid adjustment?
- Gastric losses
- Wound drainage
- Ileostomy drainage
- GI losses
What are 3 medications that can induce losses of electrolytes?
- Diuretics
- Cisplatin
- Amphotericin B
What 3 electrolytes can renal dysfunction deplete?
- Potassium
- Phosphorus
- Sodium
What electrolyte can be depleted by heart failure and edema?
Sodium
What electrolyte can corticosteroids deplete?
Sodium
What vitamin can cause beriberi in infants?
Thiamine (B1)
What three things can vitamin b1 deficiencies cause?
- Beriberi
- Heart failure
- Wernickes
How much thiamine would you give IV to treat wernickes?
500 mg IV TID
What vitamin deficiency can cause mucositis and cheilosis?
Riboflavin (B2)
How can a deficiency in riboflavin affect the eyes?
Can cause photophobia and night blindness
What can niacin cause?
Pellagra
What is a vitamin b3 deficiency induced by?
Chronic isoniazid use
What is a common ADE of a niacin deficiency?
Flushing
What vitamin deficiency can cause nervous system changes?
Pyridoxine (B6)
What medication can cause a deficiency in pyridoxine?
Isoniazid
What vitamin deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia?
Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalmin)
What should always be checked in patients with worsening mental status in the elderly?
Vitamin b12
What can a folic acid deficiency cause?
Megaloblastic anemia
What is folic acid deficiency caused by?
Alcohol use
What 4 medications could cause a folic acid deficiency?
- Diuretics
- Phenytoin
- Sulfasalazine
- Methotrexate
What vitamin deficiency can cause scurvy?
Vitamin C
What can vitamin C can cause a decrease in?
Decreased wound healing
What 3 types of patients is a vitamin C deficiency seen in?
- Elderly smokers
- Nursing home patients
- Those with high metabolic stress
What are 2 places where fat soluble vitamins are stored?
- Liver
- Adipose tissue
When are deficiencies in fat soluble vitamins seen?
If there’s a malabsorption or biliary issue
What deficiency can cause xeropthalmia?
Vitamin A
What 3 things can a retinol deficiency cause?
- Xeropthalmia
- Night blindness
- Infection
What medication is commonly used to treat a vitamin A deficiency?
Vision-vite
What is the most common vitamin deficiency?
Vitamin D
What vitamin deficiency causes a shortening lifespan of red blood cells?
Vitamin E
What vitamin deficiency can cause prolonged clotting time?
Vitamin K
What vitamin deficiency can cause a hemorrhagic disease of a newborn?
Vitamin K
When is a deficiency of trace elements an issue?
- Trauma
- Burns
- Severe infections
What trace element deficiency can cause Wilson’s disease?
Copper
What trace elements is commonly deficient?
Zinc
What does chromium cause an intolerance to?
Glucose
What patients are vitamin deficiencies more common in?
Elderly
What can lead to deficiencies in calcium and iron?
Achlorhydria
What 3 things can atrophic gastritis lead to deficiencies in?
- B-6
- B12
- Folic acid
