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N110 Neurology > General Neurology > Flashcards

General Neurology Flashcards

1
Q 
What type of aphasia is defined as the inability to comprehend the spoken word or written word?  It is a result of a pathological condition in the Wernicke's area of the temporal lobe.
A.  Anomia
B.  Motor aphasia
C.  Sensory (or receptive) aphasia
D.  Global aphasia
A

C. Sensory (or receptive) aphasia

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2
Q 
What type of aphasia is the inability to understand the spoken word or to speak?
A.  Anomia
B.  Motor aphasia
C.  Sensory (or receptive) aphasia
D.  Global aphasia
A

D. Global aphasia

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3
Q 
What type of aphasia is the inability to use symbols of speech and is the result of pathological conditions in the Broca's area in the frontal lobe?
A.  Anomia
B.  Motor aphasia
C.  Sensory (or receptive) aphasia
D.  Global aphasia
A

B. Motor aphasia

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4
Q 
Which diagnostic test measures the contraction of a muscle in response to electrical stimulation?  It provides evidence of lower motoneuron disease; primary muscle disease; and defects in the transmission of electrical impulses at the neuromuscular junction.
A.  Angiogram
B.  Myelogram
C.  Electromyogram (EMG)
D.  Carotid Duplex
A

C. Electromyogram (EMG)

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5
Q 
This diagnostic test is commonly used to identify lesions in the intradural or extradural compartments of the spinal canal by observing the flow of radiopaque dye through the subarachnoid space.  After this procedure, the patient should remain in a flat position for a few hours.
A.  Angiogram
B.  Myelogram
C.  Electromyogram  (EMG)
D.  Carotid Duplex
A

B. Myelogram

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6
Q 
This diagnostic test is used to detect arterial aneurysms, vessel anomalies, ruptured vessels, and displacement of vessels by tumors or masses.
A.  Angiogram
B.  Myelogram
C.  Electromyogram (EMG)
D.  Carotid Duplex
A

A. Angiogram

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7
Q 
This diagnostic test uses ultrasound to depict the intracranial structures of the brain and is helpful in detecting ventricular dilation and a major shift of midline structures in the brain as a result of an expanding lesion.  Is used to monitor intercranial pressure.
A.  Echoencephalogram
B.  Myelogram
C.  Electromyogram (EMG)
D.  Electroencephalogram (EEG)
A

A. Echoencephalogram

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8
Q 
This diagnostic test uses combined ultrasound and pulsed Doppler technology to measure blood velocity and to check the flow of O2 to the brain.  It is often ordered when a patient has a transient ischemic attack (TIA).
A.  Echoencephalogram
B.  Carotid Duplex
C.  Electromyogram (EMG)
D.  Echocardiogram
A

B. Carotid Duplex

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9
Q 
This diagnostic test provides evidence of focal or generalized disturbances of brain function by measuring the electrical activity of the brain.  It is used to assess for epilepsy, mass lesions, cerebrovascular lesions and brain injury.
A.  Echoencephalogram 
B.  Myelogram
C.  Electromyogram (EMG)
D.  Electroencephalogram (EEG)
A

D. Electroencephalogram (EEG)

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10
Q

This neurologic condition is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the myelin sheath and conduction pathway of the CNS. S/S include muscle weakness & spasticity; paresthesias, bladder & bowel dysfunction and cognitive changes.
A. Parkinson’s Disease
B. Myasthenia Gravis
C. Multiple Sclerosis
D. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig’s Disease)

A

C. Multiple Sclerosis

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11
Q

This neurologic condition is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction. Diagnostic tests for this condition include: Serum protein electrophoresis, Tensilon testing and electromyography.
A. Parkinson’s Disease
B. Myasthenia Gravis
C. Multiple Sclerosis
D. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig’s Disease)

A

B. Myasthenia Gravis

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12
Q

This neurologic condition is a genetically transmitted, autosomal dominant disorder. It involves an overactivity of the dopamine pathway.
A. Alzheimer’s disease
B. Parkinson’s disease
C. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig’s Disease)
D. Huntington’s disease

A

D. Huntington’s disease

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13
Q

This neurologic condition is associated with a deficiency of dopamine. Clinical manifestations include muscular tremors; bradykinesia; propulsive gait and “pill-rolling” motions of fingers.
A. Alzheimer’s disease
B. Parkinson’s disease
C. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig’s Disease)
D. Huntington’s disease

A

B. Parkinson’s disease

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14
Q

This neurologic condition involves the gradual degeneration of upper and lower motoneurons. The patient remains cognitively intact.
A. Alzheimer’s disease
B. Parkinson’s disease
C. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig’s Disease)
D. Huntington’s disease

A

C. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS, Lou Gehrig’s Disease)

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15
Q 
A patient is admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of transient ischemic attack.  What normal change of aging would the nurse expect to see in this 90-year-old man?
A.  Increased sense of touch
B.  Diminished long-term memory
C.  Increased reflex time
D.  Decreased fine motor coordination
A

D. Decreased fine motor coordination

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16
Q 
A 35-year-old patient is being seen for complaints of headache, which she has experienced for the past month.  Her physician wants to rule out a brain tumor.  In this case, what diagnostic test is contraindicated?
A.  Brain scan
B.  PET Scan
C.  Lumbar Puncture
D.  Electroencephalography
A

C. Lumbar Puncture

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17
Q

A nurse in the emergency department of her community hospital is teaching a group of sixth graders how to prevent head and spine injuries. Teaching would include all but:
A. use of helmets for bicycles, motorcycles, and skateboarding.
B. use of a lumbar support for sports activities
C. safe handling and storage of guns
D. use of seatbelts and shoulder harnesses in a car

A

B. use of a lumbar support for sports activities

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18
Q

A 70-year-old with back pain is scheduled to have a myelogram in the morning to rule out a pathologic condition of the spine. In preparing him for the procedure, what information is important to share?
A. His mental status will be assessed frequently.
B. He may be asked to change positions during the procedure
C. He will be able to ambulate immediately after the test.
D. Strength of the lower extremities will be assessed frequently.

A

B. He may be asked to change positions during the procedure

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19
Q 
Name of the standardized system for assessing the degree of consciousness impairment in the critically ill and for predicting the duration and ultimate outcome of coma, particularly w/ head injuries.  
A.  NIH Stroke Scale
B.  Tensilon Testing
C.  Glasgow Coma Scale
D.  FOUR Score Coma Scale
A

C. Glasgow Coma

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20
Q 
This is used to assess patients with neurologic conditions that affect cognitive function such as stroke, craniotomy, and traumatic brain injury.  It assesses eye response, motor response, brainstem reflexes and respiration.  
A.  Four Score Coma Scale
B.  Glasgow Coma Scale
C.  NIH Stroke Scale
D.  Tensilon Testing
A

A. Four Score Coma Scale

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21
Q 
This nerve disorder involves acute paralysis of cranial nerve VII.  It may be caused by reactivated herpes simplex virus.  Clinical manifestations include numbness/stiffness of the face and unilateral weakness of the facial muscles resulting in a flaccidity of the affected side of the face.
A.  Trigeminal Neuralgia
B.  Bell's Palsy
C.  Guillan-Barre Syndrome
D.  Willis-Ekbom Disease
A

B. Bell’s Palsy

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22
Q 
This nerve disorder has a high incidence in patients with diabetes or renal disease.  Signs and symptoms include burning. prickly sensations and irresistible urge to move legs.  
A.  Willis-Ekbom Disease
B.  Trigeminal Neuralgia
C.  Bell's Palsy
D.  Guillan-Barre Syndrome
A

A. Willis-Ekbom Disease

AKA Restless Leg Syndrome

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23
Q

Select the initial actions (in correct priority) that a nurse whose patient is experiencing autonomic dysreflexia should perform.
A. check airway, assess blood pressure, then contact physician
B. Sit patient upright, Check bladder & catheter, Check bowel
C. Assess heart rate, Blood pressure, then Temperature
D. Check bladder & catheter, Check bowel, sit patient upright.

A

B. Sit patient upright, Check bladder & catheter, Check bowel

24
Q 
What complications should a nurse watch for during post-op of a spinal surgery patient?  (select all that apply)
A.  Leaking CSF
B.  Hematoma
C.  DVT's
D.  Muscle Spasticity
E.  Decerebrate rigidity
A

A., B, C.

25
Q 
Arm or shoulder pain, Horner's syndrome and Increased reflexes are possible clinical manifestations of a spinal cord tumor in what region?
A.  Low Cervical
B.  Lumbosacral
C.  Thoracic
D.  High Cervical
A

A. Low Cervical

26
Q 
A patient with a thoracic spinal cord tumor may have what  clinical manifestations?  (select all that apply)
A.  Respiratory distress
B.  Positive Babinski's
C.  Diaphram paralysis
D.  Bladder & bowel dysfunction
E.  Foot drop
A

B., D., E.

27
Q 
Occipital headache, quadriparesis, nystagmus and cranial nerve dysfunction are possible clinical manifestations of a spinal cord tumor in what region?
A.  Low Cervical
B.  High Cervical
C.  Thoracic
D.  Lumbosacral
A

B. High Cervical

28
Q

A patient with a lumbosacral spinal cord tumor may have what clinical manifestations? (select all that apply)
A. Stiff neck
B. Spastic paralysis
C. Sexual dysfunction
D. Decreased or absent ankle/knee reflexes

A

B., C., D.

29
Q 
Clinical manifestations of Increased Intracranial Pressure includes:  (select all that apply)
A.  Diplopia
B.  Positive Babinski's
C. Diaphram paralysis
D.  Singultus
E.  Decreased LOC
A

A., B., D., E.

30
Q

Who is at risk of developing a brain abscess? (select all that apply)
A. A patient with a staph infection of the mastoid
B. Athletes
C. IV Drug abusers
D. Patients with Alzheimer’s disease

A

A and C.

31
Q 
Which are abnormal signs that occur with meningitis?  (select all that apply)
A.  Trousseau's sign
B.  Kernig's sign
C.  Chvostek's sign
D.  Brudzinski's signs
A

B. & D.

32
Q 
This nerve disorder is an acute inflammation of the brain caused by a virus.  It may be transmitted by ticks & mosquitoes and could be the result of a complication of measles, chickenpox or mumps.  
A.  Meningitis
B.  Trigeminal Neuralgia
C.  Bell's Palsy
D.  Encephalitis
A

D. Encephalitis

33
Q 
The neurotransmitter that primarily affects motor function and is involved in gross subconscious movements of the skeletal muscles is known as:
.A  Acetylcholine
 B. Norepinephrine
 C. Dopamine
 C. Serotonin
A

C. Dopamine

34
Q

A 12 year old student has a history of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The school nurse educates his classmates about his seizure activity by telling them:
A. he will be normal immediately after the seizure
B. it is important to place a tongue blade in his mouth during the seizure
C. his desk should be placed in a corner of the room by himself.
D. he may cry out at the beginning of a seizure

A

D. he may cry out at the beginning of a seizure

35
Q 
A 76 year old who has had Parkinson's disease for the past 6 years has now been admitted to a nursing home.  The nurse doing the admission interview and assessment notices which characteristic sign of the disease?
A.  Bradykinesia
B.  Increased postural reflexes
C.  Sensory loss
D.  Intention tremor
A

A. Bradykinesia

36
Q

Which of the following accurately describes age-related changes of the neurologic system?
A. Becoming senile is an inevitable consequence of aging.
B. Older people lose the ability to learn new things.
C. Long-term memory is more affected by aging than is short-term memory.
D. As neurons are lost with aging, there is deterioration in neurologic function.

A

D. As neurons are lost with aging, there is deterioration in neurologic function.

37
Q

The earliest sigh of increased intracranial pressure is:
A. Widening pulse pressure
B. Ipsilateral pupil dilation
C. Ataxic breathing pattern
D. Change in level of consciousness (LOC)

A

D. Change in level of consciousness (LOC)

38
Q 
A 13 year old student is admitted to the pediatric unit with possible meningitis.  The nurse finds that the patient cannot extend her legs completely without experiencing extreme pain.  The nurse knows that this is an indication of meningitis and is called:
A.  Brudzinski's sign
B.  Battle's sign
C.  Kernig's sign
D.  Cosgrow's sign
A

C. Kernig’s sign

39
Q

A patient is diagnosed with Bell’s palsy as indicated by a feeling of stiffness and a drawing sensation of the face. What is important to teach her about the disease?
A. There is a heightened awareness of taste, so foods must be bland.
B. There may be an increased sensitivity to sound
C. The eye is susceptible to injury if the eyelid does not close
D. Drooling from increased saliva on the affected side may occur.

A

C. The eye is susceptible to injury if the eyelid does not close

40
Q

You are taking care of a patient who suddenly begins to have a seizure. The appropriate nursing response would be to:
A. Run to the telephone and call for help.
B. Pry the jaw open to place a padded tongue blade into the patient’s mouth.
C. Apply soft restraints until the seizure activity ceases.
D. Observe and record the seizure activity.

A

D. Observe and record the seizure activity.

41
Q

You are caring for a patient with multiple sclerosis. Appropriate nursing care includes which of the following?
A. Fluid restriction
B. Teaching the patient to avoid cool bath water
C. Teaching the patient to exercise regularly, especially during an exacerbation
D. Encouraging a well-balanced diet high in fiber and adequate fluids

A

D. Encouraging a well-balanced diet high in fiber and adequate fluids

42
Q

Your patient has been recently diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. His wife asks you numerous questions about the disease. In answering her questions, you base your answers on your knowledge that:
A. Parkinson’s disease is more common in women.
B. The tremor from Parkinson’s disease is more prominent with movement.
C. Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease appear when there is either an increase in dopamine or a decrease in acetylcholine levels in the basal ganglia.
D. Parkinson’s disease is a syndrome of bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and impaired postural reflexes.

A

D. Parkinson’s disease is a syndrome of bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and impaired postural reflexes

43
Q 
The autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction characterized by fluctuating weakness of certain muscle groups is known as:
A.  Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
B.  Myasthenia gravis
C. Huntington's disease
D.  Trigeminal neuralgia
A

B. Myasthenia gravis

44
Q

Appropriate nursing interventions for the patient with increased intracranial pressure include which of the following? Select all that apply.
A. Place neck in neutral position.
B. Keep the head of the bed elevated 10-20 degrees
C. Force fluids to 2 L/day unless otherwise contraindicated.
D. Teach patient to avoid Valsalva maneuver.
E. Position patient to avoid flexion of hips, waist, and neck.
F. Suction only as necessary, no longer than 10 seconds.

A

A., D., E., F.

45
Q 
When injury to the spinal cord is in the cervical region, the resultant complication would be:
A.  tetraplegia
B.  hemiplegia
C.  paraplegia
D.  paresthesia
A

A. tetraplegia

46
Q 
The nurse determines that a patient is unconscious when the patient:
A.  has cerebral ischemia
B.  responds only to painful stimuli
C.  is unaware of self or environment
D.  does not respond to verbal stimuli
A

B. responds only to painful stimuli

47
Q

The nurse plans care for the patient with increased intracranial pressure with the knowledge that the best way to position the patient is to:
A. keep the head of the bed flat
B. maintain the head of the bed at 30 degrees
C. increase the head of the bed’s angle to 30 degrees with the patient on the left side
D. use a continuous-rotation bed to continuously change patient position.

A

B. maintain the head of the bed at 30 degrees

48
Q

During admission of a patient with a severe head injury to the emergency department, the nurse places the highest priority on assessment for:
A. patency of airway
B. presence of a neck injury
C. neurologic status with the Glasgow coma scale
D. cerebrospinal fluid leakage from the ears or nose

A

A. patency of airway

49
Q

The primary goal of nursing interventions aftger a craniotomy is:
A. preventing infection
B. ensuring patient comfort
C. avoiding need for secondary surgery
D. preventing increased intracranial pressure

A

D. preventing increased intracranial pressure

50
Q

A right-handed patient with right-sided hemiplegia and aphasia resulting from a stroke most likely has a lesion in the:
A. left frontal lobe
B. right brainstem
C. motor areas of the right cerebrum
D. medial superior area of the temporal lobe

A

A. left frontal lobe

51
Q

The pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis is caused by:
A. myelin sheath breakdown
B. degeneration of the dopamine-producing neurons in the midbrain
C. antibodies attacking the acetylcholine receptors, damaging them, and reducing their number
D. inflammation of cranial nerve VII

A

C. antibodies attacking the acetylcholine receptors, damaging them, and reducing their number

52
Q 
A graphic recording of the electrical conduction activities of the brain that is a helpful diagnostic tool for a patient with seizures is called:
A.  ECG
B.  MRI
C. PET
D. EEG
A

D. EEG

53
Q

Select patient with acute ischemic stroke can benefit from:
A. IV Tensilon in the first 3 hours
B. anticholinesterase in the first 3 hours
C. thrombolytics such as t-PA in the first 3 hours
D. intravenous immune globulin in the first 3 hours

A

C. thrombolytics such as t-PA in the first 3 hours

54
Q

Parkinson’s disease is caused by:
A. myelin sheath pathologic condition
B. damage or loss of the dopamine-producing cells of the midbrain, leading to dopamine depletion in the basal ganglia
C. depletion of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine resulting in muscular weakness
D. presence of atheroma in arterial walls

A

B. damage or loss of the dopamine-producing cells of the midbrain, leading to dopamine depletion in the basal ganglia

55
Q 
Clinical signs of this type of seizure include a sudden vacant facial expression with eyes focused straight ahead that lasts only a few seconds.
A.  Jacksonian-Focal (local or partial)
B.  Generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal)
C.  absence (petit mal)
D.  myoclonic
A

C. absence (petit mal)

56
Q 
When does status epilepticus become life threatening?
A.  +5 min for Peds; +10 min for Adults
B.  + 4 min for Peds; + 6 min for Adults
C.  +3 min for Peds; +5 min for Adults
D.  + 5 min for Peds; +3 min for Adults
A

C. +3 min for Peds; +5 min for Adults

57
Q 
This type of seizure is characterized by loss of consciousness and falling to the ground if patient was upright, followed by stiffening of the body and subsequent jerking of the extremities.
A.  Jacksonian-Focal (local or partial)
B.  Generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal)
C.  absence (petit mal)
D.  myoclonic
A

B. Generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal)

N110 Neurology (3 decks)

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