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General Nav Flashcards

1
Q

Symbols on Admiralty Charts

A

Chart 5011

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2
Q

International Regulations for Preventing Collision at Sea

A

MISC Pub 127

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3
Q

Three methods of calibrating a log

A

Dutchmans Log, GPS over measured 1nm, Dan Buoy

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4
Q

3 types of Nav Warnings

A

NAVAREA, Coastal, Local

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5
Q

Fetch

A

The long distance travelled by winds and waves over open water

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6
Q

4 Gyroscopic Laws

A

Gyroscopic Precision, Gyroscopic Inertia, Gravity, Earth’s Rotation

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7
Q

5 Gyro Errors

A

Lattitude, Ballistic, Speed, Rolling, Lock in

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8
Q

5 limitations of GPS

A

Spoofing, Over Reliance, Dilution Of Satelites, Human Error

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9
Q

3 Types of Speed Logs

A

DVL, Dutchamn’s Log, EM Log

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10
Q

3 Categories that effect radar detection

A

Material, Size, Shape

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11
Q

Unintentional Radar interference

A

Rain, Sea, Floating Objects

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12
Q

Luminous Range

A

The max distance at which it can be seen, determined only by its intensity and the prevailing visibility

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13
Q

Geographic Range

A

the max distance a light can reach an observer as determined by the height of the observer, the lights elevation and the curvature of the earth

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14
Q

Nominal Range

A

Is a lights luminous range for a meteorological visibility of 10 miles.

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15
Q

layers in the earth atmosphere

A

Troposphere, Stratosphere, mesophere, thermosphere, exosphere

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16
Q

Four processes for forming Clouds

A

lifting, expansion, cooling, condensation

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17
Q

Confined Waters

A

Any condition in which the navigation is constrained due to a decrease in available waters in relation to the proximity of land, dangers and navigational hazards

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18
Q

Restricted Manoeuvering

A

Any condition where the ships machinery or external factors such as tugs, navigational hazards or weather impede the ships manoeuvrability.

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19
Q

PDOP, HDOP, VDOP, TDOP, GDOP,

A

Position, Horizontal, Vertical, Time, Geometrical

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20
Q

AFTP 1

A

General Orders

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21
Q

AFTP 4

A

Fleet Training

22
Q

AFTP 9

A

SUBSAR

23
Q

Aus NAVAREA

A

NAV AREA 10 - 16 total

24
Q

Laser Range bino limitations

A

Metal objects, magnetic field can cause errors, accuracy diminshed through bridge windows, not as effective in damp/wet weather
effective range approx 3nm

25
Q

RADAR Definition

A

Radio Detection and Ranging

26
Q

Transmitting Path

A

Transmitter, Duplexer, reciever, display

27
Q

Reflective Properties

A

Material, Shape and Size

28
Q

Super Refraction

A

Occurs when a visible light or radar wave is bent DOWN around the Earth’s surface in a duct.
= Increased horizon and detection ranges.
Experienced in:
- High latitudes (sea surface very low)
- Anticyclonic conditions, light winds and calm
- Trade Wind zones
- Coastal waters (warm air over a cool sea)
- Behind cold front of a depression

29
Q

Sub-Refraction

A

Opposite to Super Refraction and occurs less frequently.
- Decreases normal detection range
- Temperature and humidity causes radar wave to bend UPWARDS instead of down.
- May be reduced to the point that contacts are visible by eye, but not displayed on radar.
Expected in:
- Cool air over a warmer sea (coastal waters – especially Polar regions IVO very cold land masses or ice fields)
- Warm moist air over the sea (increase in humidity with altitude may occur)

30
Q

Attenuation

A
  • Attenuation is the absorption and scattering of radar transmissions by rain and other forms of precipitation which may substantially affect radar performance. Rain, Ice, Hail and Snow may affect attenuation.
31
Q

Confined Waters Examples

A

Berthing/Unberthing, Buoy Approach

32
Q

wave length

A

the horizontal distance from a crest to the next succeeding crest of a wave, or between two corresponding points on successive waves

33
Q

wave height

A

the vertical distance of a crest above the troughs on either side. This is the Crest-to-Trough height, not the height of the crest above the still water line

34
Q

wave period

A

time which elapses between the passage of two successive wave Crests past a fixed point

35
Q

Swell

A

waves that continue through their own momentum after the wind has stopped generating them

36
Q

Period of encounter

A

the time which elapses between the passage of two successive wave Crests past a moving point

37
Q

Sagging

A

convex bending of the hull usually due to greater buoancy fore and aft. Frequent when a vessel has full tanks

38
Q

Hogging

A

Concave bending of the hull, usually due to greaterr buoyancy amidships.

39
Q

Pooping

A
  • Ship’s length is similar to wave length
  • Ship’s speed is slower than wave speed
    Wave may overtake the ship and break over its stern. Water will then sweep along upper decks at 1 ½ times wave speed, causing substantial damage
40
Q

Broaching

A
  • Ship’s length is similar to wave length
  • Ship’s speed is similar to wave speed
    Ship may ‘run’ for some time on crest of wave. Much more hazardous than being pooped.
41
Q

Trigger Mechanisms

A

Convection, Turbulence, Orographic, Widespread Ascent (frontal)

42
Q

5 factors affecting tides

A

Astronomical, Meteorological, Geographic, Resonance, Seismic waves

43
Q

Four influences on tides

A

Declination and position of moon, of sun, latitude of the port, Natural resonance of the water

44
Q

information on Echo Sounders

A

depth measured from, reporting units, standard report, date of last calibration, result of calibration

45
Q

Possible Errors

A

Error depth calculation, operator read error, tranducer seperation error, false echoes, weak echoes

46
Q

Calibrating echo sounder

A

Bar Check, Lead Line

47
Q

Tropical Cyclone Formation Requirements

A
  1. An area of pre-existing low pressure
  2. Surface temp >26
  3. A min 5N/S
  4. Upper level divergence
  5. Little or no vertical wind shear
48
Q

3 types of charts

A

Mercator, Gnomic projection, Transverse Mercator

49
Q

Chart Reliability

A

Date of Survey, Survey Authourity, Type of survey, scale of chart, status of T’s and P’s, Topography, ZOC diagrams, completeness of coast lines

50
Q

Nadir

A

The point on the celestial sphere vertically below the observer

51
Q

apoggee/perigee

A

Moon and Earth

52
Q

Aphelion/perihelion

A

Sun and Earth

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