General mid term 1 Flashcards
What is cceps definition of fitness
a set of attributes that are either health and performance related
What is the American college of sport medicine definition
Set of attributes or charectistics that relate to their ability to perform that are usually separated into health and skill related componenets
How is the CCEp and americal college of sport medicines definitions of fitness difference
The CCEP definition is saying that attributes are plastic and always changing while the american college of sport medicine is stating that these attributes are static and relate to how someone performs on a task
Health related fitness - Mortality and morbidity definitions … what can glucose numbers give us
Mortality - Occcurance of death
Morbidity - occurance of illness
For example glucose can give us infomration about the chance of morbidity in subsequence years
Health definitions WHO and CCEP
WHO - a complete state of physical mental and social wellbeing not merely an absense of disease
CCEP - combinatuion of social physical and phycological dimensions positive health is associated with capacity to enjoy life and withstand challenge not just absense of disease
does performance have to be related to sport
no ie firefighter
Assessment 4 Purposes
Identify strength and weakness
provide baseline for prescreiption and rehab
feedback for evaluating effectiveness of program ie does it work for that population
compairision to the norms what does that number mean
Conducting assessment (3 things)
Assessment, measurement, evaluation
assessment is like what tool or protiocal you are using to test
measurement is the actual value like 70 inch vert and evaluation is compairing that value oto other norms or standard ie that is above average for that group
6 things needed to conduct assesment
variables measured specific and relevant, valid, reliable, tests administered at the appropriate time and regular intervals assessment is controlled you are not influencing results, rights are respected and results must be communicated directly and in written and verbal form
what is a good assessment 5 things
safe, valid relaible practical and conducted in professional manner
what can assesments do
objective measured of health and performance in relation to peer group ie other athletes identify odds or chance of sucess within domain r a particular health outcome
what cant assessments do
provide absolute predictions
Why is statistics imporant
predictive utility
How do we calculate how representative SD is of the full population and how many SD is about 95% of pop
Standard error and 2 SD
What is the coeff of variation also called Relative SD
percent value or deviation to see if the devation of a group is large is the SD is 5 with a range of 900 its small but if the sd is 10 with a range of 20 it is large
What are the factors influencing variability (name 4)
Biological variability - inherent physiological and psychological fluctuations of the individual ie circadian rhythms mood etc
Technical variability - precision and accuracy of th einstruments
testing accuracy - instructions and manner of administering test
enviromental variability - temp and humidity
Validity why is it important example
how much a test measured what its supposed to measure use it everyday like balance tests to test sobriety is not very valid but a sim to real life may be
Reliability - and why its imporant
How consistent a test is at measuring the same thing every time like a preg test abutuallly testing pregnancy and sayng you are pregnany you dont want tumor screensing to give you false positives like type 1 erros and false negative like type 2 erros
Two types of validity and both of their 2 subsections give examples
Content related - face validity which is doe sit measure what it appears to measure - weakest form difficult to quantify established by judge ie swim
Construct validity - does test capture related underlying theoretical concepts like a maximal graded exercise test that tests your vox is also representative of your overall cardiorespiratory fitness
Criterion related
concurrent validity - does the test give outcomes similar to related other tests that try to measure the same thing ie does max hr test on a bike equal a max hr test on a treadmill
preductive reliability - does the test allow you to preduct some other varibel of outcome of interest ie body fat from skin folds
Errors 2 types
systematic error - errors that can be based on bias learning fatiuges situations that result in a unidirectional chance in scores on repeat testing like a run test you will do wose on the second round
Random error - imprecision biological variability may in a random manner both increse and decrese test scores on repeat testing
Testing reliability 3 types explian all
Intrarater- 1 thing that tests 2 or more measures cant use pearson method as different values will come up depending on data orientation
interrater - testing the same measure between 2 or more testers 2 machines testiing the same thing
test retest - repeated testing on two or more occasions used to test the reliability of the technique
Correlation
important for predictuve validity and decribes strength of relationship between 2 variables of interest does not describe pattern of relationship and cant quantify it
Regression
Describes the numerical relationship between two variables linear line of best bit not always linear multiple factors may be known to be correleted influencing the relationship of interest ie speed hr and sex all known to be correlated which all influence VO2 max
Bland altman analysis exmaple
- figureing out if metric compares to a gold standard test example here; outcome from paq and outcome from gold stand y axis is the gold - the metric and the x is teh average you have the mean which is how different the 2 decives are if we know one of them is on average 2 less we can account for that but if we just shift the graph up you would still have values different from the actual and your will be over or under estimating then based on that you can determine if its a good measuer ie if the sd is 20 off a range of 100 ists very bad but if its 1-2 off then its good use knowledge systems to help
Risk what is it and give the 2 types and explain them
Used to represent the effect of an intervention on a particular outcome odds ratio OR and risk rations which both influence exposure or treatment in separate ways but are not related and they also normalize the occurance of an outcome due to exposure in reference to a control group commonly used in medicine
odds ratio
what are the odds something ocurs given a particular exposure of intervention compared to control offds exposure a/b / non exposure c/d
Risk ratio
more intuitive gives you the percent value of how much something is biggger a / a plus b / c /c plus d times 100
Meta analysis
pool data for larger sample size determines validity
Informed concent (tri policy council 5 things
consent given voluntarily
consent can be withdrawn anytime
concent shall be informed
if withdrawn occurs data can also be requested to be withdrawm
should address confidentiallity
informed consent other notes (5 things)
Read understood signed prior to administration of. any appraisal
self explanatory describes nature of the appraosal items that will be undertaken and outlines client responsibilities
assent form for under age
encourage dialouge to ensure client fully understands process
not a waiver does not absolve appraiser from negligence
what is a waiver 4 things
signed statement relinquishing some level of rights
an ettempt to cover any accident that may occur
must adhere to the same issues as consent form
does not absolve appraiser from negligence
what is negligence and what are 4 things that are common allegations of negligence
omission that causes harm to another person (does or fails to do something that causes harm,
personal trainer failed to consider pre existing injuries or medical conditions when developing the program, provide approproate types of exercise or tests, limit the weights lifted or length of the cardio exercise, properly supervise client
from a liability perspective (negligence) 4 things
be professional
pre screening actions and intentions are important
pre screening paperwork is important
dont make it up as you go
from a risk mitigation perspective (negligence) 4 things
ask before you do
explain before you do
listen and answer questions
get acknowlegdment from participants
why is pre screening better than referral to provider
unnessary referral to health care provider places unnessary financial and other burdens on the individual and the health care system
Health screening (how to what what is it doing) 4 things
identify and exclude indviduals with medical contraindications to exercise
identidy indviduals at incresed risk for disease because of age symtoms and or other risk factors
those who should undergo a medical prior to testing or stanting an exercise program
identify those that you are not qualifies to work with (scope of practise
Scope of practise name a coupel organizations and what is it
CSEP CEP CPT ACSM NCSA defines the procedures actions and processes that are permitted for a liceanse and outline the responsibilities and limitations for a certificate
Get active questionaire 7 things
2page
all age
parental assessment
valid for 6 months
includes concussion in health
general assessment of PA guidelines
self assessment model
What other questionaire are outl there
pregnancy one and also one for individuals with physical limitations or disabilities which was made at the u of a
what are the basic physiological assessment part of the pre screen
Heart rate identify cardiac irregularities
blood pressure to identify hyper or hypotension
what instructions do you give to the indvidual doing the test pre screeening
no alchohol for 6 hrs prior no caffience for 2 hours prior no food for 2 hours prior no smoking for 2 hours prior no exercise for 6 hours prior
what is the cut off for heart rate and bp to proceed with screening
heart rate above 99 bpm rest 5 min if still over then stop and refer
for bp systolic over 160 or diastol above 90 rest 5 min if still over refer
other considerations about bp why it could be high
white coat hypertension wherre you normally have normal bp except in doc office could be a sign of cardiovascular risk shoul dnot be ignored
what step is after the pre screen and the risk for differing populations
Secondary risk assessment
What is the secondary risk assessment definition and when is it important 4 things
provides health fitness, clinical exercise and health care professionals with important information for the development of an individuals prescription
important when making decisions for the level of medical clearance required if needed
the need for pre-testing
the level of supervision for exercise training and program
scope of practise
How risk assessment work
Add up all the cardiovascular risk factors and teh point tally
Non modifiable risk factors main 2 explain them
Age - men over 45 and women over 55 due to menopause est and progesterone help block cardiovascular risk
Family history - myocardial infraction, coronary revascularization or sudden death from father before 55 or a first degree male relative or 65 for mother or first degree female relative
Non modifiable risk factors others
Ethnicity - ie african american and Indigenous
where you were born environment you grew up in exposure in utero or early life altitude
Modifiable risk factors 6 things
Hypertension - SBP over 140 or over or DBP 90 or over measured on 2 seperate occasions or while taking enti hypertensive meds
Smoking - current smoker or quit within last 6 months or contact with second hand smoke evidence shows even after 5-9 years there is still an elevated risk
dislipidemia - LDL above 130 or HDL below 40 or on lipid lowereing meds or if total serum cholesterole is above 200 mmhg there is an exception to this rule tho which is then called a negative ris factor and that is when the HDL concentration is super high meaining it cancelles out any LDL concentration and that value is if the HDL is above 60
Prediabetes - impaired fasting blood glucose of 100 5.6-6.9 or over or impaired glucose tolerance of 140 of above confirmed by 2 seperate occasions impaired ability to clear glucose from system
obesity - BMI over 30 or waist girth above 102 cm for men and 88 cm for women
sedentary lifestyle - not meeting recommended 30 mins moderate activity 3 times a week
What should occur if you are missing a value or test
should be counted as a risk factor anyways and 1 point added, except for prediabetes which we can test for without the tests which is age above 45 and bmi over 25 or age below 45 and bmi above 25 if true count as pt
ACSM risk stratification
low risk any below 2 asymptomatic
moderate risk above 2 asymptomatic
high risk individuals with one or more sogns or symtoms or known cardiovascular pulmonary or metabolic disease
What other tool is also used for the secondary risk assessment
Austrailia SMA sport med slightly different factors like if indvidual reaches 150 min activity per week then subtract pt they also make it more open so its up to clinician even if they are moderate risk the clinican has final say
